DominOS

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32-bit operating system kernel in C and x86 Assembly, with preemptive multitasking, virtual memory, ELF loading and Unix-like userspace

DominOS 최신버젼 다운로드

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### A 32-bit Multithreaded Operating System Kernel written from scratch in C and x86 Assembly

> with preemptive multitasking, virtual memory, synchronization primitives, ELF loading, and Unix-inspired userspace.

---

<img src="./gif for README/giftask1task2.gif" alt="Demo GIF" />
 
 multiple kernel tasks executing concurrently under a timer-driven preemptive scheduler

---

## Overview

DominOS is a 32-bit operating system built entirely from scratch without relying on existing kernels or operating system frameworks.

It can manage:

- Process scheduling
- Virtual memory
- User/kernel isolation
- ELF executable loading
- Synchronization primitives
- Interrupt handling
- System calls
- File systems
- Device drivers

---

## Features

### Kernel

- Protected Mode (IA-32)
- Paging-based virtual memory
- Physical page allocator
- Kernel heap allocator
- Preemptive scheduler
- Kernel threads
- User processes
- Ring 0 / Ring 3 isolation
- Context switching
- Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT)
- Global Descriptor Table (GDT)
- Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC)
- Programmable Interval Timer (PIT)

### Memory Management

- Paging
- Page tables
- Virtual address spaces
- Demand allocation
- Copying between user and kernel memory
- Kernel heap (`kmalloc`)
- Physical frame allocator

### Process Management

- Process creation
- Thread creation
- Scheduler
- Context switching
- Sleeping threads
- Synchronization
- Wait queues

### Synchronization

- Spinlocks
- Mutexes
- Semaphores
- Condition variables

### Userspace

- ELF executable loader
- User stack initialization
- System call interface
- Shell
- User programs

### File System

- VFS layer
- FAT support
- File descriptors
- Buffered I/O

### Drivers

- VGA text mode
- Keyboard (PS/2)
- Timer
- ATA disk
- Serial port

---

# Architecture

---

# Kernel Components

```
kernel/
│
├── arch/
│   ├── boot
│   ├── interrupts
│   ├── paging
│   └── context_switch
│
├── memory/
│
├── process/
│
├── scheduler/
│
├── fs/
│
├── drivers/
│
├── syscall/
│
└── lib/
```

---

# Scheduling

DominOS implements a **preemptive multitasking scheduler** driven by hardware timer interrupts.

Each timer tick triggers:

1. Saving the current CPU context
2. Selecting the next runnable task
3. Restoring its register state
4. Returning execution

The scheduler supports both kernel threads and user processes.

---

# Virtual Memory

The kernel implements paging on IA-32 using page directories and page tables.

Features include:

- per-process virtual address spaces
- kernel mapping
- user/kernel memory protection
- physical frame allocation
- page mapping utilities

---

# ELF Loader

User applications are loaded directly from ELF executables.

The loader:

- parses ELF headers
- maps loadable segments
- creates the initial userspace stack
- transfers execution to Ring 3

---

<img src="./gif for README/blankelf.gif" alt="Demo GIF" />
 
 the shell loads a user-space executable from disk and transfers execution to the newly created process

# System Calls

Applications communicate with the kernel through a dedicated syscall interface.

Typical flow:

```
User Program
      |
      v
 int 0x80
      |
      v
Syscall Dispatcher
      |
      v
Kernel Service
```

<img src="./gif for README/testscrittura.gif" alt="Demo GIF" />
 
 PS/2 keyboard interrupt handling and terminal input

---

# Context Switching

Each task owns an independent execution context including:

- registers
- stack pointer
- instruction pointer
- page directory

The scheduler saves and restores these structures during every task switch.

---

# Build

```bash
git clone https://github.com/Daniele1717/DominOS
cd DominOS
make clean
./build.sh
cd bin
qemu-system-i386 -hda ./os.bin
```

# References

- [Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual](https://wiki.minix3.org/doku.php?id=developersguide:cpureferencemanuals)
- [Linux Kernel Documentation](https://docs.kernel.org/)
- [OSDev Wiki](https://wiki.osdev.org/Expanded_Main_Page)

DominOS

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