Speaker-Calculator

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Speaker-Calculator

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Calculation tool for loudspeaker design

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# Speaker Calculator
Lumped element calculation tool for loudspeaker design, made using Qt for Python.

## Features
* Modelling of loudspeaker response in,
  * Free-air
  * Closed box
  * Passive radiator
    * Define by PR mass and frequency ratio h
  * Bass-reflex
    * Define by port diameter and frequency ratio h
* SPL, electrical impedance, displacements, net forces, velocities
* Automatic calculation of most appropriate coil winding for given user parameters.
  * Wire properties are read from user editable "wire_table.ods".
  * Possible to calculate for different types of wire section (round, flat, etc.)
* Includes an additional degree of freedom to observe a mobile parent structure.
  * Takes into consideration also the resonator and it's inertia, based on it's mounting direction.
* Possible to manipulate graph settings and export curves.
* Calculation of magnet system mechanical clearances.
* Save/load of state.

## Out of scope
* Nonlinearities in the system
* Calculation of magnetic flux
* Calculation of mass of speaker components (with the exception of the windings)
* Modal behaviour

## Screenshots

![Image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kbasaran/Speaker-Calculator/master/images/SC1.png)
![Image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kbasaran/Speaker-Calculator/master/images/SC2.png)
![Image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kbasaran/Speaker-Calculator/master/images/SC3.png)

## Installation
### Windows
Go to releases page to download the **.msi** installer. Run the installer and follow the steps in wizard. This will also associate the file extension **.scf** to this application.

### Any Python environment
Using Python 3.12.*,
- Install the requirements for the application
  - `pip install -r requirements.txt`
- Run the application with `python main.py`

> [!TIP]
> It is recommended to use a separate virtual environment for this application. `venv` and `conda` are popular options to create one, `venv` being part of Python standard library.

## Manual

> [!TIP]
> Most parameters in the application include a tooltip. Hover your mouse on the parameter for a few seconds to learn more about what a parameter does.

### Underlying model
The application uses a linear model with 3 degrees of freedom to do the calculations. To see how the model is built, see function `_build_symbolic_ss_model` in `electracoustical.py`.

![Image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kbasaran/Speaker-Calculator/master/images/system_model.webp)

### Coil windings
The application will give you coil winding options based on the winding height and the coil resistance you input as requirement. To be able to do this, a separate table that has information on different wire types needs to be provided by the user. This table is stored in `wire_table.ods` which is located in subfolder `data` in the installation folder.

> [!TIP]
> To see the location of `wire_table.ods` in your computer go to *Help -> Show paths of assets..* from within the application.

### Wire table file content
This file contains *Sheet1* which contains the following columns for each wire type.
- **Unique name** : Common name used to refer to this wire. Must be unique in this column.
- **Type** : Category for the wire
- **Nominal size** : Expected size of the conductor.
- **Shape** : Circular, square, rectangular etc.
- **Average width; w_avg** : This is the expected physical width including all the coatings and glues on the wire.
- **Average height; h_avg** : Similar to average width, but for height.
- **Maximum width; w_max** : This is the maximum expected physical width including all the coatings and glues on the wire.
- **Resistance** : Resistance per meter.
- **Mass density** : Mass per meter.
- **Notes** : User notes for convenience. Not used by the application.

> [!WARNING]
> The application is shipped with an incomplete wire table convenient for testing. User needs to change this to an accurate and complete wire table to be able to get good results. The top three rows of the spreadsheet contain title rows for import and they should not be modified.

#### Recommended sources for coil wire information, curated by Claude.ai:
- [IEC 60317-0-1 – GlobalSpec](https://standards.globalspec.com/std/13416161/iec-60317-0-1)
- [IEC 60317-0-2:2020 (sample PDF)](https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/102360/47d5095c2c794c1098f568b622bb0302/IEC-60317-0-2-2020.pdf)
- [IEC 60317-13 – GlobalSpec (class 200)](https://standards.globalspec.com/std/1274534/DS/EN%2060317-13)
- [IEC 60317-36 (self-bonding polyesterimide)](https://www.amazon.com/IEC-60317-36-Ed-Specifications-polyesterimide/dp/2832292070)
- [ANSI/NEMA MW 1000-2015 (preview)](https://webstore.ansi.org/preview-pages/NEMA/preview_ANSI+NEMA+MW+1000-2015.pdf)
- [Elektrisola - Selfbonding enamelled wire (SB-wire)](https://www.elektrisola.com/en/Selfbonding-Wire/Info)
- [Elektrisola - Wire technical datasheets](https://www.elektrisola.com/en/brochure)
- [MWS Wire – Bondable Magnet Wire](https://mwswire.com/bondable-magnet-wire/)
- [MWS Wire – Magnet Wire Calculator (NEMA MW 1000 based)](https://mwswire.com/magnet-wire-calculator/)
- [Copper-clad aluminium wire – Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper-clad_aluminium_wire)

### Basic wire dimensions
![Image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kbasaran/Speaker-Calculator/master/images/coil_winding_1.webp)

### Winding dimensions
For each layer, the average thickness of the wire `w_avg` is used to calculate a winding diameter passing through the center of the wire. This diameter is shown with *Ø<sub>li</sub>* in image below.

**In example A**, stacking coefficient is chosen as 1.0 by the user. This means the wires do not mesh into the previous layer of winding. Total thickness of winding is simply `2 * w_avg`.

**In example B** stacking coefficient is chosen as 0.8 by the user. This causes all the layers consecutive to the first layer to have a thickness of `0.8 * w_avg`. Total thickness of winding becomes `1.8 * w_avg` in this example. If there were three layers it would have become `2.6 * w_avg`.

![Image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kbasaran/Speaker-Calculator/master/images/coil_winding_2.webp)

> [!NOTE]
> For electricity related calculations such as winding length, the average dimensions defined in wire table (i.e. `w_avg`, `h_avg`) are considered.

### Mechanical clearances
![Image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kbasaran/Speaker-Calculator/master/images/coil_winding_3.webp)
> [!NOTE]
> For mechanical clearances and airgap sizes, the maximum dimensions defined in wire table (i.e. `w_max`) are considered.

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