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vim-pythonsense

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A Vim plugin that provides text objects and motions for Python classes, methods, functions, and doc strings.

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# Use via CDN

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Commands referenced in this DOCs, explained below.

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Clone an existing repository.

git clone {{remote_repository_location}} {{path/to/directory}}

Clone an existing repository into a new directory (the default directory is the repository name):

git clone --recursive {{remote_repository_location}}

Clone an existing repository and its submodules:

git clone {{[-n|--no-checkout]}} {{remote_repository_location}}

Clone only the `.git` directory of an existing repository:

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Store and read passwords or other sensitive data.
All data is GPG-encrypted, and managed with a Git repository.

pass init {{gpg_id_1 gpg_id_2 ...}}

Initialize (or re-encrypt) the storage using one or more GPG IDs:

pass insert {{[-m|--multiline]}} {{path/to/data}}

Save a new password and additional information (press `<Ctrl d>` on a new line to complete):

pass edit {{path/to/data}}

Edit an entry:

// repository documentation

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## Description

`Pythonsense` is a Vim plugin that provides [text objects](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/motion.html#object-select) and [motions](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/motion.html#object-motions) for Python classes, methods, functions, and doc strings.

### Python Text Objects

-   "`ac`"    : Outer class text object. This includes the entire class, including the header (class name declaration) and decorators, the class body, as well as a blank line if this is given after the class definition.
-   "`ic`"    : Inner class text object. This is the class body *only*, thus excluding the class name declaration line and any blank lines after the class definition.
-   "`af`"    : Outer function text object. This includes the entire function, including the header (function name declaration) and decorators, the function body, as well as a blank line if this is given after the function definition.
-   "`if`"    : Inner function text object. This is the function body *only*, thus excluding the function name declaration line and any blank lines after the function definition.
-   "`ad`"    : Outer docstring text object.
-   "`id`"    : Inner docstring text object.

The differences between inner and outer class and method/function text objects are illustrated by the following:

```
class OneRing(object):             -----------------------------+
                                   --------------------+        |
    def __init__(self):                                |        |
        print("One ring to ...")                       |        |
                                                       |        |
    def rule_them_all(self):                           |        |
        self.find_them()                               |        |
                                                       |        |
    def find_them(self):           ------------+       |        |
        a = [3, 7, 9, 1]           ----+       |       |        |
        self.bring_them(a)             |- `if` |- `af` |- `ic`  | - `ac`
        self.bind_them("darkness") ----+       |       |        |
                                   ------------+       |        |
    def bring_them_all(self, a):                       |        |
        self.bind_them(a, "#000")                      |        |
                                                       |        |
    def bind_them(self, a, c):                         |        |
        print("shadows lie.")      --------------------+        |
                                   -----------------------------+
```

### Python Object Motions

- "`]]`"  : Move (forward) to the beginning of the *next* Python class.
- "`][`"  : Move (forward) to the end of the *current* Python class.
- "`[[`"  : Move (backward) to beginning of the *current* Python class (or beginning of the previous Python class if not currently in a class or already at the beginning of a class).
- "`[]`"  : Move (backward) to end of the *previous* Python class.

- "`]m`"  : Move (forward) to the beginning of the *next* Python method or function.
- "`]M`"  : Move (forward) to the end of the *current* Python method or function.
- "`[m`"  : Move (backward) to the beginning of the *current* Python method or function (or to the beginning of the previous method or function if not currently in a method/function or already at the beginning of a method/function).
- "`[M`"  : Move (backward) to the end of the *previous* Python method or function.

Note that in Vim 8.0 or later, motions with these key-bindings are provided by default.
While in the most simplest of cases they converge with "Pythonsense" in operation, they result in very different behavior in more complex cases.
This difference ([discussed in detail below](#stock-vim-vs-pythonsense-motions)) basically comes down to "Pythonsense" providing semantically aware and contextual class-wise and method- or functionwise motions, while the stock Vim 8+ provides non-semantically aware indent-level based motions.
If you prefer the stock Vim 8.0+ motions to the ones overridden by "Pythonsense", then, as described in the [section on suppressing the default key mappings](#suppressing-the-key-mappings), just specify the following in your "~/.vimrc":

```
let g:is_pythonsense_suppress_motion_keymaps = 1
```

If you want *both* the stock Vim 8.0+ motions, then you can [activate alternate mappings](#activating-alternative-motion-key-mappings) to the Pythonsense semantic motions that do not hide the the stock Vim 8.0+ motions by specifying the following in your "~/.vimrc":

```
let g:is_pythonsense_alternate_motion_keymaps = 1
```

See [below](#activating-alternative-motion-key-mappings) for more details on these key mappings.

### Python Location Information

- "`g:`" : print (echo) current semantic location (e.g. ""``(class:)Foo > (def:)bar"``")

## Installation

### Manually (Example)

If you are using Vim 8.0 and above, I recommend you take advantage of the '[package](https://vi.stackexchange.com/a/9523/17621)' feature and do something like this:

$ cd ~/.vim
    $ mkdir -p pack/import/start
    $ cd pack/import/start && git clone git://github.com/jeetsukumaran/vim-pythonsense.git

You do not have to name the mid-level directory "import"; it can be anything else that makes sense to you for this plugin (e.g., "bundle", "jeetsukumaran", "python", etc.). For more information, see the documentation on "[packages](http://vimhelp.appspot.com/repeat.txt.html#packages)".

If you are using an older Vim version and do not want to upgrade, then you would be much, much, *much* better served by using a plugin manager like [Vim-Plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug) (described below).
However, if you are stuck with an old version of Vim and *really* do not or cannot use a plugin manager, then will need to manually copy the files to the corresponding locations in your home directory:

-   "vim-pythonsense/after/ftplugin/python/pythonsense.vim" to: "~/.vim/after/ftplugin/python/pythonsense.vim"
-   "vim-pythonsense/autoload/pythonsense.vim" to: "~/.vim/autoload/pythonsense.vim"
-   "vim-pythonsense/ftplugin/python/pythonsense.vim" to: "~/.vim/ftplugin/python/pythonsense.vim"

### [pathogen.vim](https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen)

$ cd ~/.vim/bundle
    $ git clone git://github.com/jeetsukumaran/vim-pythonsense.git

### [Vim-Plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug)

Add the line below into your "~/.vimrc":

Plug 'jeetsukumaran/vim-pythonsense'

and run:

:PlugInstall

More information on setting up [Vim-Plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug) to manage your plugins can be found [here](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug/wiki/tutorial).

### [Vundle](https://github.com/gmarik/vundle.git)

Add the line below into your "~/.vimrc":

Vundle 'jeetsukumaran/vim-pythonsense'

or run:

:VundleInstall jeetsukumaran/vim-pythonsense

## Customization

### [Changing the Key Mappings](#changing-the-key-mappings)

If you are unhappy with the default key-mappings you can define your own which will individually override the default ones.
However, instead of doing so in your "~/.vimrc", you need to do so in a file located in your "~/.vim/ftplugin/python/" directory, so that this key mappings are only enabled when editing a Python file.
Furthermore, you should make sure that you limit the key mapping to the "``<buffer>``" scope.
For example, to override yet replicate the default mappings you would define, the following in "~/.vim/ftplugin/python/pythonsense-custom.vim":

```
map <buffer> ac <Plug>(PythonsenseOuterClassTextObject)
map <buffer> ic <Plug>(PythonsenseInnerClassTextObject)
map <buffer> af <Plug>(PythonsenseOuterFunctionTextObject)
map <buffer> if <Plug>(PythonsenseInnerFunctionTextObject)
map <buffer> ad <Plug>(PythonsenseOuterDocStringTextObject)
map <buffer> id <Plug>(PythonsenseInnerDocStringTextObject)

map <buffer> ]] <Plug>(PythonsenseStartOfNextPythonClass)
map <buffer> ][ <Plug>(PythonsenseEndOfPythonClass)
map <buffer> [[ <Plug>(PythonsenseStartOfPythonClass)
map <buffer> [] <Plug>(PythonsenseEndOfPreviousPythonClass)
map <buffer> ]m <Plug>(PythonsenseStartOfNextPythonFunction)
map <buffer> ]M <Plug>(PythonsenseEndOfPythonFunction)
map <buffer> [m <Plug>(PythonsenseStartOfPythonFunction)
map <buffer> [M <Plug>(PythonsenseEndOfPreviousPythonFunction)

map <buffer> g: <Plug>(PythonsensePyWhere)
```

Note that you do not need to specify *all* the key mappings if you just want to customize a few.
Simply provide your own key mapping to each of the "``<Plug>``" mappings you want to override, and these will be respected, while any "``<Plug>``" maps that are not so explicitly bound will be assigned to the default key maps.

### [Suppressing the Key Mappings](#suppressing-the-key-mappings)

If you want to suppress some of the key mappings entirely (i.e., without providing your own to override the functionality), you can specify one or more of the following in your "~/.vimrc":

```
let g:is_pythonsense_suppress_object_keymaps = 1
let g:is_pythonsense_suppress_motion_keymaps = 1
let g:is_pythonsense_suppress_location_keymaps = 1
```

to selectively suppress just the text object, motion, or information key mapping sets by respectively.

You can also suppress *all* default key mappings by specifying the following in your "~/.vimrc":

```
let g:is_pythonsense_suppress_keymaps = 1
```

### [Activating Alternative Motion Key Mappings](#activating-alternative-motion-key-mappings)

As discussed above, "Pythonsense" overrides some native Vim 8.0+ motion key mappings, replacing the indent-based non-semantic ones with semantically-aware ones.
If you wish to have access to both types of motions, i.e., the stock Vim 8.0+ non-semantic indent-based block motions as well as the "Pythonsense" semantically aware class/method/function motions, then you can specify

```
let g:is_pythonsense_alternate_motion_keymaps = 1
```
in your "~/.vimrc".

Then (unless you specify you want all or motion key mappings suppressed entirely), the "Pythonsense" semantic class/method/function motions will be bound to the alternate keys below:

- "`]k`"  : Move (forward) to the beginning of the *next* Python class.
- "`]K`"  : Move (forward) to the end of the *current* Python class.
- "`[k`"  : Move (backward) to beginning of the *current* Python class (or beginning of the previous Python class if not currently in a class or already at the beginning of a class).
- "`[K`"  : Move (backward) to end of the *previous* Python class.

- "`]f`"  : Move (forward) to the beginning of the *next* Python method or function.
- "`]F`"  : Move (forward) to the end of the *current* Python method or function.
- "`[f`"  : Move (backward) to the beginning of the *current* Python method or function (or to the beginning of the previous method or function if not currently in a method/function or already at the beginning of a method/function).
- "`[F`"  : Move (backward) to the end of the *previous* Python method or function.

## Similar Projects

Most notable is the [vim-textobj-python](https://github.com/bps/vim-textobj-python) plugin.
Pythonsense distinguishes itself from this plugin in the following ways:

-   Stand-alone and lightweight: does not rely on [vim-textobj-user](https://github.com/kana/vim-textobj-user/wiki).
-   Also includes a docstring text object (originally from [here](https://pastebin.com/u/gfixler)).
-   Crucially (for me!) selecting an outer class, method, or function also selects the blank line following. Without this, I find I always have to (a) add a new blank line after I have, e.g. pasted the class/method/function in its new location, and (b) delete the extra blank like in the old class/method/function location. With Pythonsense, this is taken care of automatically and the cleaner approach (for me!) not only saves time and key-strokes, but the oh-so-valuable headspace taskload. For a discussion of this issue, see [here](https://github.com/bps/vim-textobj-python/issues/17), and, in particular, [here](https://github.com/bps/vim-textobj-python/issues/17#issuecomment-187735637).
-   Allows for successive invocations of text object selectors to select enclosing classes/functions.
-   Handles nested classes/functions better (though with some failing corner cases).
-   Seems to handle functions/classes with multiline arguments better.
-   Handles folds better (opens them automatically if needed).
-   Of course, also provides a docstring text object as well as the semantic location information helper ("``g:``").

## More Information on Text Objects

If you are reading all this and wondering what is a text object or why are text objects such a big deal, then the short answer is that text objects are like using a socket and ratchet as opposed to a monkey wrench: as long as you can find a fit, you cannot beat the efficiency, speed, and precision (as well as elegance and pure pleasure). For more details, you could look at some of the following:

-   https://blog.carbonfive.com/2011/10/17/vim-text-objects-the-definitive-guide/
-   http://owen.cymru/vim-text-objects-extend-vims-natural-language-2/
-   http://codyveal.com/posts/vim-killer-features-part-1-text-objects/

## Acknowledgements

-   The seed/inspiration (and basic logic) for the code for Python class and function text objects came from Nat Williams' "[pythontextobj.vim](https://github.com/natw/vim-pythontextobj)".
    From a practical usage standpoint, principal differences are:
    -   The semantics of outer ("a") vs inner ("i") function/class. In the original, both "a" and "i" include the class/function definition line, but "i" extends to include the space after the class/function definition. I felt that "i" should exclude the class/function declaration heading line *and* the space after the definition (i.e., just the body of the class/function), while "a" should include both the class/function declaration heading line and a space after the definition.
    -   Handles nested cases better (or at all): multiple invocations of "``ic``", "``ac``", "``if``", "``af``", etc. grab successively enclosing classes/functions. The seed/inspiration for the logic for *this*, in turn, came from Michael Smith's "[vim-indent-object](http://github.com/michaeljsmith/vim-indent-object)".
-   Code for the docstring text objects taken from the [pastebin shared by gfixler](https://pastebin.com/u/gfixler).

## Appendices

### [Stock Vim vs Pythonsense Motions](#stock-vim-vs-pythonsense-motions)

The stock Vim 8.0 "class" motions ("``]]``", "`[[`", etc.), find blocks that begin at the first column, *regardless* of whether or not these are class or function blocks, while its method/function motions ("``[m``", "``]m``", etc.) find all blocks at any indent *regardless* of whether or not these are class or function blocks.
In contrast, "Pythonsense" class motions work on finding *all* and *only* class definitions, *regardless* of their indent level, while its method/function motions work on finding *all* and *only* method/function definitions, *regardless* of their indent level.
The stock Vim 8.0 motions can thus be seen as non-semantically aware motions that target indent levels rather than Python classes/methods/functions, while the "Pythonsense" motions, on the other hand, can been seen as semantically aware motions that target Python classes/methods/functions rather than indent levels.
In a simple structured file (without even bare functions), e.g.,

```
class Foo1(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def bar(self):
        pass
    def baz(self):
        pass
class Foo2(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def bar(self):
        pass
    def baz(self):
        pass
```

both the stock Vim and "Pythonsense" motions work the same.

However, in a file like the following:

```

class Foo1(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def bar(self):
        pass
    def baz(self):
        pass

class Foo2(object):
    class Foo2Exception1(Exception):
        def __init__(self):
            pass
    class Foo2Exception2(Exception):
        def __init__(self):
            pass
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def bar(self):
        pass
    def baz(self):
        pass

def fn1(a):
    pass

def fn2(a):
    pass

def fn3(a):
    pass

```

the differences in behavior show up:

-   With respect to the "``]]``"/"``[[``"/etc. motions, the stock Vim 8.0+ implementation will visit both top-level class and function definitions freely and miss the nested classes, while the "Pythonsense" implementation will visit *just* the class definitions exclusively and comprehensively (i.e., no functions and also include the nested classes in the visits).
-   With respect to the "``[m``"/"``]m``"/etc. motions, the stock Vim 8.0+ implementation will visit all class, method, and function definitions in the file, whereas the "Pythonsense" implementation will visit *just* the method and function definitions exclusively (i.e., no classes).

## Copyright, License, and Warranty

Copyright (c) 2018 Jeet Sukumaran. All rights reserved.

This work is licensed under the terms of the (expat) MIT license.
See the file "LICENSE" (or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) for specific terms and details.