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Userland NAT64 implementation on Linux in Ruby

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// repository documentation

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# Xlat

Userland NAT64 implementation on Linux in Ruby.

## Supported usage

- Stateless NAT64 - [RFC 7915](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc7915/)
  - Maps 1 IPv6 Address : 1 IPv4 Address
  - Combine with kernel netfilter NAT66 masquerade to archieve stateful NAT64 NAPT functionality (multiple IPv6 address/port : 1 IPv4 Address)
  - `IPv6(src=nat66outer, dst=pref64n+ipv4) -> IPv4(src=ipv4nat64outer, dst=ipv4)`
  - `IPv4(src=ipv4, dst=ipv4nat64outer) -> IPv6(src=pref64n+ipv4, dst=nat66outer)`

<!--
### Todo?

- Stateful NAT64  - [RFC 6146](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc6146/)
  - Maps multiple IPv6 addresses and ports : IPv4 addresses and ports
-->

## Installation

```ruby
# Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'xlat'
```

## Usage

TODO: Write usage instructions here

Example production deployments on RubyKaigi Wi-Fi is available at:

- https://github.com/ruby-no-kai/rubykaigi-net/tree/master/itamae/roles/plat
- https://github.com/ruby-no-kai/rubykaigi-net/tree/master/itamae/hosts/nat-61.venue.rubykaigi.net

## Caveats

- Expecting no difference in IPv4 and IPv6 MTU
- If an IPv4 packet is translated into an IPv6 packet larger than MTU, the packet is silently discarded.

## Tips

### Checksum Neutrality

## Development

After checking out the repo, run `bin/setup` to install dependencies. Then, run `rake spec` to run the tests. You can also run `bin/console` for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.

To install this gem onto your local machine, run `bundle exec rake install`. To release a new version, update the version number in `version.rb`, and then run `bundle exec rake release`, which will create a git tag for the version, push git commits and the created tag, and push the `.gem` file to [rubygems.org](https://rubygems.org).

### Benchmarking

Requires: iproute2, trafgen&ifpps from [netsniff-ng](http://netsniff-ng.org/) (v0.6.8 of netsniff-ng has [a bug](https://github.com/netsniff-ng/netsniff-ng/pull/233) and you need to build the development version).

The `benchmark/` directory has `trafgen` scenarios to generate artificial traffic to benchmark Xlat.

```shell
sudo XLAT_PROFILE=1 XLAT_NOJIT=1 ruby ./benchmark/run.rb ./benchmark/tcp.cfg
# or if your ruby is managed by rbenv
sudo XLAT_PROFILE=1 XLAT_NOJIT=1 "$(rbenv which ruby)" ./benchmark/run.rb ./benchmark/tcp.cfg
```

If `XLAT_PROFILE` variable is set, profile is emitted every 10 seconds at `/tmp/xlat-#{pid}.pf2profile`. You need to disable YJIT by setting `XLAT_NOJIT` variable due to the current limitation of Pf2.

### Profiling with Pf2 in Docker

Requires: Docker, containerlab, iproute2, iperf3.

```shell
cd clab/
./build
containerlab deploy --reconfigure
sudo ip netns exec clab-464xlat-ue-pd-sv iperf3 -s

# in another session:
sudo ip netns exec clab-464xlat-ue-pd-ue iperf3 -c 64:ff9b::192.0.2.80
docker kill --signal=USR1 clab-464xlat-ue-pd-plat
docker cp clab-464xlat-ue-pd-plat:/tmp/xlat-1.pf2profile .
pf2 report ./xlat-1.pf2profile -o ./xlat.json
```

### Fuzzing

Requires: CRuby built with clang compiler.

`fuzz/run` performs fuzzing against the parsers and `Xlat::Rfc7915` translator.

```shell
./fuzz/run
```

## Contributing

Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/[USERNAME]/xlat.

## License

The gem is available as open source under the terms of the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).

### Credits

- Copyright (c) 2024 Sorah Fukumori
- Copyright (c) 2024-2025 Kasumi Hanazuki
- Copyright (c) 2022 Kazuho Oku
  - Some part of this source code are based on the source code at https://github.com/kazuho/rat available under MIT License

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