hexbinhex

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Six utility programs to convert between hex, binary, ascii-binary and the oddball NIST format for 90B testing. The hex output is more compact than hexdump or od -x.

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# hexbinhex

A set of binary, hex, ascii binary, audio and nist format converters.

| Converter | Converts |
| --- | --- |
| [`hex2bin`](#hex2bin) | hexadecimal data to binary |
| [`bin2hex`](#bin2hex) | binary data to hexadecimal |
| [`bin201`](#bin201) | binary data to ascii binary (01001001) |
| [`012bin`](#012bin) | ascii binary (01001001) to binary data |
| [`bin2dec`](#bin2dec-and-dec2bin) | binary data to decimal |
| [`dec2bin`](#bin2dec-and-dec2bin) | decimal to binary data |
| [`wav2f64`](#wav2f64) | WAV audio data to raw 64 bit floating point samples |
| [`f642wav`](#f642wav) | raw 64 bit floating point samples to WAV audio data |
| [`bin2nistoddball`](#bin2nistoddball) | binary data to NIST Oddball SP800-90B format |
| [`nistoddball2bin`](#nistoddball2bin) | NIST Oddball SP800-90B format to binary data |

Every converter reads from a named file or from stdin, and writes to stdout
unless `-o` names an output file.

## Building

```
$ make
$ sudo make install
```

`make install` copies the binaries to `/usr/local/bin`.

## Converters

### hex2bin

Two programs to convert between hex and binary format. bin2hex exists
because it has a more compact output format than od or hexdump.  hex2bin
exists just for the sake of symmetry.

```
$ hex2bin -h
Usage: hex2bin [-h][-s lines_to_skip][-o <out filename>][filename]
       -s n          Skip the first n lines of the input text
       -o filename   Output to file filename instead of stdout

Convert hexadecimal data to binary.
  Author: David Johnston, dj@deadhat.com
```

### bin2hex

```
$ bin2hex -h
Usage: bin2hex [-w <width>][-h][-o <out filename>] [filename]

Convert binary data to hexadecimal.
  Author: David Johnston, dj@deadhat.com
```

### bin201

bin201 converts binary to ASCII binary

```
$  bin201 -h
Usage: bin201 [-w <width>][-b][-h][-o <out filename>] [filename]
  -w <width> Sets the number of bits per output line
  -B         Reverses the order of bits in each byte to big endian
  -L         Outputs bits as little endian (default)
  -s         Add a space between every 8 bits
Convert binary data to ascii binary (01001001).
  Author: David Johnston, dj@deadhat.com
```

### 012bin

012bin converts ASCII binary to binary

```
$ 012bin -h
Usage: 012bin [-h][-B][-L][-o <out filename>] [filename]
  -B         Treats bits as big endian
  -L         Treats bits as little endian (default)
Convert ascii binary (01001001) to binary data.
  Author: David Johnston, dj@deadhat.com
```

### bin2dec and dec2bin

bin2dec converts binary to decimal numbers and dec2bin converts them back.

### wav2f64

wav2f64 converts the audio in a WAV file to raw 64 bit floating point
samples, so audio can be fed through other tools using the f64 format.
The samples are little endian doubles, scaled to the range -1.0 to 1.0,
with any channels left interleaved. PCM input of 8, 16, 24 and 32 bits
and IEEE float input of 32 and 64 bits are supported, including the
WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE wrapper around them. There is no header on the
output, so the sample rate and channel count are not carried over.

```
$ wav2f64 -h
Usage: wav2f64 [-v][-h][-o <out filename>] [filename]
       -v , --verbose  Output information about the input format to stderr
       -h , --help     Output this information
       -o filename     Output to file filename instead of stdout

Convert WAV audio data to raw 64 bit floating point samples.
  Author: David Johnston, dj@deadhat.com
```

### f642wav

f642wav goes the other way, encoding raw 64 bit float samples back up in a
WAV file. Because the raw format carries no header, the sample rate and
channel count have to be given on the command line, and -b, -F and -e choose
how the samples are encoded. Values outside -1.0 to 1.0 are clipped and
counted, and samples that are not finite numbers are written as silence;
both are reported on stderr. When the output is a file the RIFF and data
lengths are filled in at the end. When it is a pipe they cannot be, so they
are left at 0xFFFFFFFF, which marks an unset length, and a warning says so.

```
$ f642wav -h
Usage: f642wav [-b <bits>][-F][-r <rate>][-c <channels>][-e][-v][-h][-o <out filename>] [filename]
       -b , --bits <bits>      Bits per sample. 8, 16, 24 or 32 for PCM, 32 or 64 for float (default 16)
       -F , --float            Encode as IEEE floating point instead of PCM
       -P , --pcm              Encode as integer PCM (default)
       -r , --rate <rate>      Sample rate in Hz (default 32000)
       -c , --channels <n>     Number of interleaved channels (default 1)
       -e , --extensible       Write a WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE header
       -v , --verbose          Output information to stderr
       -h , --help             Output this information
       -o filename             Output to file filename instead of stdout

Convert raw 64 bit floating point samples to WAV audio data.
  Author: David Johnston, dj@deadhat.com
```

### bin2nistoddball

bin2nistoddball converts binary to the oddball one-symbol-per-byte
format used by the NIST SP800-90B sofware. nistoddball2bin does the
reverse.

```
$ bin2nistoddball -h
Usage: bin2nistoddball [-l <bits_per_symbol 1-8>][-B|-L][-v][-h][-o <out filename>] [filename]
       -l , --length <bits_per_symbol 1-8> Set the number of bits to encode in eat output byte
       -r , --reverse                      Interpret input binary data as big endian (MSB first) (default is little endian)
       -B , --bigendian                    Unpack output multi-bit symbols as big-endian (msb first)
       -L , --littleendian                 Unpack output multi-bit symbols as little-endian (lsb first) (default)
       -v , --verbose                      Output information to stderr
       -h , --help                         Output this information

Convert binary data to NIST Oddball SP800-90B one-symbol-per-byte format.
  Author: David Johnston, dj@deadhat.com
```

### nistoddball2bin

```
$ nistoddball2bin -h
Usage: nistoddball2bin [-l <bits_per_symbol 1-8>][-r][-B|-L][-v][-h][-o <out filename>] [filename]
       -l n          Set the number of symbol bits per byte encoded in the input data. Must be between 1 to 8
       -r            Write the output binary data as big endian (MSB first) (default is little endian)
       -B            Interpret the input symbols as being big endian (MSB first)
       -L            Interpret the input symbols as being little endian (LSB first) (default)
       -v            Verbose mode. Outputs information to stderr
       -h            Display this information
       -o filename   Output to file filename instead of stdout

Convert NIST Oddball SP800-90B one-symbol-per-byte format to binary data.
  Author: David Johnston, dj@deadhat.com
```

#### Notes

- The NIST format for SP800-90B testing requires symbols to be as one symbol per byte.
- This means only symbols of sizes 1 through 8 bits can be supported.
- The bit ordering of the bits within the symbols is not specified by NIST. The -L and -B options allow you to choose.
- The output binary data by default is in little endian format, with the lower order bits in bytes coming before higher order bits. This can be reversed with the -r option.

## Examples

```
$ cat hexfile.hex
0001020304050607
08090a0b0c0d0e0f
1011121314151617
18191a1b1c1d1e1f

$ hex2bin hexfile.hex | bin2hex
000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F

$ hex2bin hexfile.hex | bin201
00000000100000000100000011000000
00100000101000000110000011100000
00010000100100000101000011010000
00110000101100000111000011110000
00001000100010000100100011001000
00101000101010000110100011101000
00011000100110000101100011011000
00111000101110000111100011111000

$ hex2bin hexfile.hex | bin201 | 012bin | bin2hex
000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F
```

Spaces between bytes with -s. Little endian by default.

```
$ ./bin201 -s hexfile.bin
00000000 10000000 01000000 11000000
00100000 10100000 01100000 11100000
00010000 10010000 01010000 11010000
00110000 10110000 01110000 11110000
00001000 10001000 01001000 11001000
00101000 10101000 01101000 11101000
00011000 10011000 01011000 11011000
00111000 10111000 01111000 11111000
```

Big endian output of bits with -B:

```
$ ./bin201 -B -s hexfile.bin
00000000 00000001 00000010 00000011
00000100 00000101 00000110 00000111
00001000 00001001 00001010 00001011
00001100 00001101 00001110 00001111
00010000 00010001 00010010 00010011
00010100 00010101 00010110 00010111
00011000 00011001 00011010 00011011
00011100 00011101 00011110 00011111
```

### Audio

```
$ wav2f64 -v recording.wav -o samples.f64
Input: recording.wav
Sample rate = 32000 Hz
Channels = 1
Sample format = 16 bit PCM
Data chunk = 370944 bytes
Writing 64 bit float samples to file: samples.f64
Wrote 185472 samples (185472 frames)

$ wav2f64 recording.wav | bin2hex -w 16 | head -2
0000000000000000000000000000363F
0000000000004A3F000000000080503F
```

Audio round trips through the pair without loss when 64 bit float is used,
and lands within half a bit of the original for the integer formats:

```
$ wav2f64 recording.wav | f642wav -b 16 -r 32000 -o copy.wav
$ cmp recording.wav copy.wav
```

Re-encode a 16 bit recording as 24 bit at a new rate:

```
$ wav2f64 recording.wav | f642wav -b 24 -r 48000 -c 1 -o wide.wav
```

## License

GNU General Public License, version 2 or later. See [LICENSE](LICENSE).

Author: David Johnston, dj@deadhat.com

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