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flexiconnect-architecture

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FlexiConnect Architecture is a distributed system designed with versatile data transport options, providing flexibility and efficiency in handling diverse data sources and destinations.

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# Microservices with Go

The Microservices Architecture contains

-   Broker Service
-   Authentication Service
-   Logger Service
-   Mail Service
-   Listener Service AMQP with RabbitMQ

## GNU Make

-   [www.gnu.org/software/make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/) is a tool which controls the generation of executables and other non-source files of a program from the program's source files
-   Make gets its knowledge of how to build your program from a file called the `makefile`, which lists each of the non-source files and how to compute it from other files. When you write a program, you should write a makefile for it, so that it is possible to use Make to build and install the program
-   All the `Docker` images control for

-   `Linux/MacOS` are in the `project/Makefile` file
    -   `Windows` are in the `project/Makefile.windows` file

## Frontend Test

-   The Test Page is used for test the Services in this Architecture
-   The Test Page will send an example request to the specific Service that user choose and then receive the response from that Service
-   Technologies
    -   [bootstrap](https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.2/getting-started/introduction/)
    -   [javaScript](https://www.javascript.com) for fetching data from the services
    -   [html](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML)

## Broker Service

- Broker Service is an entry point for redirecting the request to appropriate service and receiving the response from that service
- Package index
 - [github.com/go-chi/chi](https://github.com/go-chi/chi) is a lightweight, idiomatic and composable router for building `Go` HTTP services
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/go-chi/chi/v5
 go get github.com/go-chi/chi/middleware
 go get github.com/go-chi/cors
 ```
 - [pkg.go.dev/net/rpc](https://pkg.go.dev/net/rpc) provides access to the exported methods of an object across a network or other I/O connection. A server registers an object, making it visible as a service with the name of the type of the object. After registration, exported methods of the object will be accessible remotely. A server may register multiple objects (services) of different types but it is an error to register multiple objects of the same type
- File `broker-service/broker-service.dockerfile` is the `dockerfile` for the service

## Authentication Service with PostgreSQL

- Authentication Service is an API for determining if the credentials from the request body is matching the data in the database. All the credentials are stored in a PostgreSQL image
- Package index
 - [github.com/go-chi/chi](https://github.com/go-chi/chi) is a lightweight, idiomatic and composable router for building `Go` HTTP services
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/go-chi/chi/v5
 go get github.com/go-chi/chi/middleware
 go get github.com/go-chi/cors
 ```
 - [github.com/jackc/pgconn](https://github.com/jackc/pgconn) is a low-level `PostgreSQL` database driver. It operates at nearly the same level as the `C` library `libpq`
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/jackc/pgconn
 ```
 - [github.com/jackc/pgx](https://github.com/jackc/pgx) is a higher level libraries, high performance interface that exposes PostgreSQL-specific features such as `LISTEN` / `NOTIFY` and `COPY`. It also includes an adapter for the standard `database/sql` interface. The toolkit component is a related set of packages that implement `PostgreSQL` functionality such as parsing the wire protocol and type mapping between `PostgreSQL` and `Go`
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/jackc/pgx/v4
 go get github.com/jackc/pgx/v4/stdlib
 ```
 - [github.com/golang/crypto/bcrypt](https://github.com/golang/crypto/blob/master/bcrypt/bcrypt.go) is used for hashing passwords
 - [pkg.go.dev/database/sql](https://pkg.go.dev/database/sql) provides a generic interface around SQL (or SQL-like) databases. The sql package must be used in conjunction with a database driver. See [golang.org/s/sqldrivers](https://golang.org/s/sqldrivers) for a list of drivers
- File `authentication-service/authentication-service.dockerfile` is the `dockerfile` for the service

## Logger Service with MongoDB

- Logger Service is an API for saving logs whenever one Service receives and processes a response. All the `LogEntry` struct contains 2 fields Name and Data. The collections are stored in a MongoDB image
- Package index
 - [github.com/go-chi/chi](https://github.com/go-chi/chi) is a lightweight, idiomatic and composable router for building `Go` HTTP services
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/go-chi/chi/v5
 go get github.com/go-chi/chi/middleware
 go get github.com/go-chi/cors
 ```
 - [github.com/mongodb/mongo-go-driver](https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-go-driver) is the `MongoDB` supported driver for `Go`
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo
 go get go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options
 ```
 - [pkg.go.dev/net/rpc](https://pkg.go.dev/net/rpc) provides access to the exported methods of an object across a network or other I/O connection. A server registers an object, making it visible as a service with the name of the type of the object. After registration, exported methods of the object will be accessible remotely. A server may register multiple objects (services) of different types but it is an error to register multiple objects of the same type.
- File `logger-service/logger-service.dockerfile` is the `dockerfile` for the service

## Mail Service

- Mail Service connects directly with Broker Service in the development version which you shouldn't do in production. In production, Mail Service can not be connected by User, just be connected to other Service except Broker Service. The Service sends tested mails to the MailHog server
- Package index
 - [github.com/go-chi/chi](https://github.com/go-chi/chi) is a lightweight, idiomatic and composable router for building `Go` HTTP services
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/go-chi/chi/v5
 go get github.com/go-chi/chi/middleware
 go get github.com/go-chi/cors
 ```
 - [github.com/mailhog/MailHog](https://github.com/mailhog/MailHog) is an email testing tool for developers
 - Overview
 - Configure your application to use `MailHog` for SMTP delivery
 - View messages in the web UI, or retrieve them with the JSON API
 - Optionally release messages to real SMTP servers for delivery
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/mailhog/MailHog
 ```
 - The local server of `MailHog` runs on `http://localhost:1025`, check this server for web UI and see all the tested mails in the `Inbox` section
 - A `Docker` image for `MailHog` is configured in file `project/docker-compose.yml`
 - [github.com/vanng822/go-premailer](github.com/vanng822/go-premailer) is an inline styling for HTML mail in `Go`
 - Styling mail with both `HTML` and `plain` formats before sending
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/vanng822/go-premailer/premailer
 ```
 - [github.com/xhit/go-simple-mail](https://github.com/xhit/go-simple-mail) is the best way to send emails in `Go` with SMTP Keep Alive and Timeout for Connect and Send
 - You can find more information in the [documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/xhit/go-simple-mail/v2)
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/xhit/go-simple-mail/v2
 ```
- File `mail-service/mail-service.dockerfile` is the `dockerfile` for the service

## Listener Service AMQP

- Listener Service AMQP listens for any data (requests) pushed to RabbitMQ server to consume it as soon as possible
- Any requests after being routed by Broker Service is pushed directly to RabbitMQ server. The Listener Service AMQP connects to the RabbitMQ server and listens to any requests in the message queue and then sends requests to the appropriate Services
- Package index
 - [github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go](https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go) is a `Go AMQP 0.9.1` client maintained by the [RabbitMQ core team](https://github.com/rabbitmq). The package provides a functional interface that closely represents the `AMQP 0.9.1` model targeted to `RabbitMQ` as a server
 - Installation
 ```sh
 go get github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go
 ```
- File `listener-service/listener-service.dockerfile` is the `dockerfile` for the service

## RabbitMQ Server

- The first option for Broker Service to communicate with Logger Service
 - `logEventViaRabbit(w http.ResponseWriter, l LogPayload)` just pushes requests from the client to the `RabbitMQ` Server for Listener Service to consume
- Image for the `RabbitMQ` server is [`rabbitmq:3.9-alpine`](https://github.com/docker-library/rabbitmq/blob/6889979f517c7ea3a7bd54bb88864dc8c29d327c/3.9/alpine/Dockerfile), runs on port `5672` on `docker` server
- Uses the `topics` as exchange type
- Does not delete data until it is consumed successfully
- References
 - Find more information about `RabbitMQ` at [RabbitMQ website](https://www.rabbitmq.com)
 - [Godoc API reference](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go)
 - [RabbitMQ tutorials in Go](https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-tutorials/tree/main/go)

## Communicating between Services using RPC

- The second option for Broker Service to communicate with Logger Service
 - `logItemViaRPC(w http.ResponseWriter, l LogPayload)` connects to the `RPC` Server of Logger Service on port `5001` and calls the function of the `RPC` Server using [pkg.go.dev/net/rpc](https://pkg.go.dev/net/rpc) package
 - When it comes to the `RPC` option, the Logger Service has to always listen to the `RPC` requests
 - Broker Service and Logger Service use [pkg.go.dev/net/rpc](https://pkg.go.dev/net/rpc) package to communicate. The Broker Service is the client and the Logger Service is the server

## gRPC Connection

- The third option for Broker Service to communicate with Logger Service
 - `LogViaGRPC(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)` creates a client and connects the client to the `gRPC` server that is located in the `logger-service/cmd/api/grpc.go` file. the gRPC server runs on port `50001`
- Information about packages and how to work and generate codes with `Protocol Buffers` and `gRPC`
 - [My Protocol Buffers Instruction repo](https://github.com/minhtran241/protocol_buffers_go_generate)
 - [My gRPC Introduction repo](https://github.com/minhtran241/gRPC-introduction)

## Docker usage

-   All the `Docker` configurations are in the `project/docker-compose.yml` file

-   Build all the `Docker` images and services's binaries
    ```sh
    make up-build
    ```
-   Build one `Docker` image of one specific service
    ```sh
    make service-build
    ```
-   Pull and Start all the `Docker` images
    ```sh
    make up
    ```
-   Stop docker compose
    ```sh
    make down
    ```
-   Start the `frontend` binary listening on `http://localhost:80`
    ```sh
    make start
    ```
-   Stop the `frontend` binary listening on `http://localhost:80`
    ```sh
    make stop
    ```

## Deployment

-   Docker Swarm

-   Build images for microservice
        ```sh
        docker build -f servicename.dockerfile -t your_docker_hub_username/servicename:1.0.0 .
        ```
    -   Push images to `docker hub`
        ```sh
        docker push your_docker_hub_username/servicename:1.0.0
        ```
    -   Configurations of `Docker Swarm` are in `project/swarm.yml` file
    -   Go to the `project` folder
    -   Initiate `Swarm` (set the manager node is the `project` folder)
        ```sh
        docker swarm init
        ```
    -   In order to set the current folder as the `manager/worker` node
        ```sh
        docker swarm join-token manager/worker
        ```
    -   Create all the services following the configurations of `Docker Swarm`
        ```sh
        docker stack deploy -c swarm.yml go-microservices
        ```
    -   List the running services
        ```sh
        docker service ls
        ```
    -   Scaling services
        ```sh
        docker service scale go-microservices_servicename=number_of_tasks
        ```
    -   If one service suddenly dies, `Docker Swarm` will create another instance and bring it back up

-   Updating Services
    -   Build a new tagged version of the service
        ```sh
        docker build -f servicename.dockerfile -t your_docker_hub_username/servicename:1.0.1 .
        ```
    -   Push images again to `docker hub`
        ```sh
        docker push your_docker_hub_username/servicename:1.0.1
        ```
    -   Update the version of the service currently running in `Swarm`
        -   Any time updating a service to a new version, at least 2 tasks of that service have to be running in order to achieve no downtime
            ```sh
            docker service scale go-microservices_servicename=2
            ```
        -   Update one image to a new version
            ```sh
            docker service update --image your_docker_hub_username/servicename:1.0.1 go-microservices_servicename
            ```
        -   Downgrade
            ```sh
            docker service update --image your_docker_hub_username/servicename:1.0.0 go-microservices_servicename
            ```
-   Stopping Docker Swarm
    ```sh
    docker service scale go-microservices_servicename=0
    ```
-   Removing Docker Swarm
    ```sh
    docker stack rm go-microservices
    ```
-   Leaving Docker Swarm (use `--force` on a node that is participating as manager)
    ```sh
    docker swarm leave
    ```
-   Caddy
    -   Added to the mix as a Proxy to the Front end and the Broker
    -   Configurations in the `project/Caddyfile` file
    -   Build the `caddy` docker image
        ```sh
        docker build -f caddy.dockerfile -t your_docker_hub_username/micro-caddy:1.0.0 .
        docker push your_docker_hub_username/micro-caddy:1.0.0
        ```
-   Bringing up Swarm
    ```sh
    docker stack deploy -c swarm.yml go-microservices
    ```

## Contributor

-   Minh Tran (Me)

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