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A very simple BiLSTM-CRF model for Chinese Named Entity Recognition 中文命名实体识别 (TensorFlow)

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# A simple BiLSTM-CRF model for Chinese Named Entity Recognition

This repository includes the code for buliding a very simple __character-based BiLSTM-CRF sequence labeling model__ for Chinese Named Entity Recognition task. Its goal is to recognize three types of Named Entity: PERSON, LOCATION and ORGANIZATION.

This code works on __Python 3 & TensorFlow 1.2__ and the following repository [https://github.com/guillaumegenthial/sequence_tagging](https://github.com/guillaumegenthial/sequence_tagging) gives me much help.

## Model

This model is similar to the models provided by paper [1] and [2]. Its structure looks just like the following illustration:

![Network](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Determined22/zh-NER-TF/master/pics/pic1.png)

For one Chinese sentence, each character in this sentence has / will have a tag which belongs to the set {O, B-PER, I-PER, B-LOC, I-LOC, B-ORG, I-ORG}.

The first layer, __look-up layer__, aims at transforming each character representation from one-hot vector into *character embedding*. In this code I initialize the embedding matrix randomly. We could add some linguistic knowledge later. For example, do tokenization and use pre-trained word-level embedding, then augment character embedding with the corresponding token's word embedding. In addition, we can get the character embedding by combining low-level features (please see paper[2]'s section 4.1 and paper[3]'s section 3.3 for more details).

The second layer, __BiLSTM layer__, can efficiently use *both past and future* input information and extract features automatically.

The third layer, __CRF layer__,  labels the tag for each character in one sentence. If we use a Softmax layer for labeling, we might get ungrammatic tag sequences beacuse the Softmax layer labels each position independently. We know that 'I-LOC' cannot follow 'B-PER' but Softmax doesn't know. Compared to Softmax, a CRF layer can use *sentence-level tag information* and model the transition behavior of each two different tags.

## Dataset

|    | #sentence | #PER | #LOC | #ORG |
| :----: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| train  | 46364 | 17615 | 36517 | 20571 |
| test   | 4365  | 1973  | 2877  | 1331  |

It looks like a portion of [MSRA corpus](http://sighan.cs.uchicago.edu/bakeoff2006/). I downloaded the dataset from the link in `./data_path/original/link.txt`

### data files

The directory `./data_path` contains:

- the preprocessed data files, `train_data` and `test_data` 
- a vocabulary file `word2id.pkl` that maps each character to a unique id

For generating vocabulary file, please refer to the code in `data.py`.

### data format

Each data file should be in the following format:

```
中	B-LOC
国	I-LOC
很	O
大	O

句	O
子	O
结	O
束	O
是	O
空	O
行	O

```

If you want to use your own dataset, please:

- transform your corpus to the above format
- generate a new vocabulary file

## How to Run

### train

`python main.py --mode=train `

### test

`python main.py --mode=test --demo_model=1521112368`

Please set the parameter `--demo_model` to the model that you want to test. `1521112368` is the model trained by me.

An official evaluation tool for computing metrics: [here (click 'Instructions')](http://sighan.cs.uchicago.edu/bakeoff2006/)

My test performance:

| P     | R     | F     | F (PER)| F (LOC)| F (ORG)|
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 0.8945 | 0.8752 | 0.8847 | 0.8688 | 0.9118 | 0.8515

### demo

`python main.py --mode=demo --demo_model=1521112368`

You can input one Chinese sentence and the model will return the recognition result:

![demo_pic](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Determined22/zh-NER-TF/master/pics/pic2.png)

## Reference

\[1\] [Bidirectional LSTM-CRF Models for Sequence Tagging](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.01991v1.pdf)

\[2\] [Neural Architectures for Named Entity Recognition](http://aclweb.org/anthology/N16-1030)

\[3\] [Character-Based LSTM-CRF with Radical-Level Features for Chinese Named Entity Recognition](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-50496-4_20)

\[4\] [https://github.com/guillaumegenthial/sequence_tagging](https://github.com/guillaumegenthial/sequence_tagging)

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