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🗃️ [高性能内存缓存库] Goroutine-safe, high-performance in-memory cache, optimized for reads over writes, with expiration, rich API, and support for generics.

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# 🗃️ go-cache

Goroutine-safe, high-performance in-memory cache, optimized for reads over writes, with expiration, rich API, and support for generics.

Based on [puzpuzpuz/xsync](https://github.com/puzpuzpuz/xsync). thx.

See: [Benchmarks](#-benchmarks).

## ⚙️ Installation

```go
go get -u github.com/fufuok/cache
```

## ⚡️ Quickstart

[DOC.md](DOC.md), Please see: [examples](examples)

**Cache usage**

```go
package cache // import "github.com/fufuok/cache"

const NoExpiration = -2 * time.Second ...
type Cache[K comparable, V any] interface{ ... }
    func New[K comparable, V any](opts ...Option[K, V]) Cache[K, V]
    func NewDefault[K comparable, V any](defaultExpiration, cleanupInterval time.Duration, ...) Cache[K, V]
type ComputeOp = xsync.ComputeOp
    const CancelOp ComputeOp = iota ...
type Config[K comparable, V any] struct{ ... }
    func DefaultConfig[K comparable, V any]() Config[K, V]
type EvictedCallback[K comparable, V any] func(k K, v V)
type ItemWithExpiration[V any] struct{ ... }
type Map[K comparable, V any] interface{ ... }
type Option[K comparable, V any] func(config *Config[K, V])
    func WithCleanupInterval[K comparable, V any](interval time.Duration) Option[K, V]
    func WithDefaultExpiration[K comparable, V any](duration time.Duration) Option[K, V]
    func WithEvictedCallback[K comparable, V any](ec EvictedCallback[K, V]) Option[K, V]
    func WithMinCapacity[K comparable, V any](sizeHint int) Option[K, V]
```

**Demo**

```go
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"

"github.com/fufuok/cache"
)

func main() {
	c := cache.New[string, int]()
	c.SetForever("A", 1)
	fmt.Println(c.GetOrSet("B", 2, 1*time.Second)) // 2 false
	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
	fmt.Println(c.Get("A")) // 1, true
	fmt.Println(c.Get("B")) // 0, false
	fmt.Println(c.Count())  // 1
	c.Clear()
}
```

**Map usage (similar to sync.Map)** Source: [puzpuzpuz/xsync](https://github.com/puzpuzpuz/xsync)

```go
package xsync // import "github.com/fufuok/cache/xsync"

func ToPlainMap[K comparable, V any](m *Map[K, V]) map[K]V
func WithGrowOnly() func(*MapConfig)
func WithPresize(sizeHint int) func(*MapConfig)
func WithSerialResize() func(*MapConfig)
type ComputeOp int
    const CancelOp ComputeOp = iota ...
type Counter struct{ ... }
    func NewCounter() *Counter
type MPMCQueue[I any] struct{ ... }
    func NewMPMCQueue[I any](capacity int) *MPMCQueue[I]
    func NewMPMCQueueOf[I any](capacity int) *MPMCQueue[I]
type MPMCQueueOf[I any] = MPMCQueue[I]
type Map[K comparable, V any] struct{ ... }
    func NewMap[K comparable, V any](options ...func(*MapConfig)) *Map[K, V]
    func NewMapOf[K comparable, V any](options ...func(*MapConfig)) *Map[K, V]
type MapConfig struct{ ... }
type MapOf[K comparable, V any] = Map[K, V]
type MapStats struct{ ... }
type RBMutex struct{ ... }
    func NewRBMutex() *RBMutex
type RToken struct{ ... }
type SPSCQueue[I any] struct{ ... }
    func NewSPSCQueue[I any](capacity int) *SPSCQueue[I]
    func NewSPSCQueueOf[I any](capacity int) *SPSCQueue[I]
type SPSCQueueOf[I any] = SPSCQueue[I]
type UMPSCQueue[T any] struct{ ... }
    func NewUMPSCQueue[T any]() *UMPSCQueue[T]
```

**Demo**

```go
package main

import (
	"fmt"

"github.com/fufuok/cache/xsync"
)

func main() {
	m := xsync.NewMap[string, int]()
	m.Store("A", 1)
	fmt.Println(m.LoadOrStore("B", 2)) // 2 false
	fmt.Println(m.LoadAndDelete("B"))  // 2, true
	fmt.Println(m.Load("A"))           // 1, true
	fmt.Println(m.Load("B"))           // 0, false
	fmt.Println(m.Size())              // 1
	m.Clear()
}
```

## ✨ Cache Interface

```go
type Cache[K comparable, V any] interface {
	// Set add item to the cache, replacing any existing items.
	// (DefaultExpiration), the item uses a cached default expiration time.
	// (NoExpiration), the item never expires.
	// All values less than or equal to 0 are the same except DefaultExpiration,
	// which means never expires.
	Set(k K, v V, d time.Duration)

// SetDefault add item to the cache with the default expiration time,
	// replacing any existing items.
	SetDefault(k K, v V)

// SetForever add item to cache and set to never expire, replacing any existing items.
	SetForever(k K, v V)

// Get an item from the cache.
	// Returns the item or nil,
	// and a boolean indicating whether the key was found.
	Get(k K) (value V, ok bool)

// GetWithExpiration get an item from the cache.
	// Returns the item or nil,
	// along with the expiration time, and a boolean indicating whether the key was found.
	GetWithExpiration(k K) (value V, expiration time.Time, ok bool)

// GetWithTTL get an item from the cache.
	// Returns the item or nil,
	// with the remaining lifetime and a boolean indicating whether the key was found.
	GetWithTTL(k K) (value V, ttl time.Duration, ok bool)

// GetOrSet returns the existing value for the key if present.
	// Otherwise, it stores and returns the given value.
	// The loaded result is true if the value was loaded, false if stored.
	GetOrSet(k K, v V, d time.Duration) (value V, loaded bool)

// GetAndSet returns the existing value for the key if present,
	// while setting the new value for the key.
	// Otherwise, it stores and returns the given value.
	// The loaded result is true if the value was loaded, false otherwise.
	GetAndSet(k K, v V, d time.Duration) (value V, loaded bool)

// GetAndRefresh Get an item from the cache, and refresh the item's expiration time.
	// Returns the item or nil,
	// and a boolean indicating whether the key was found.
	GetAndRefresh(k K, d time.Duration) (value V, loaded bool)

// GetOrCompute returns the existing value for the key if
	// present. Otherwise, it tries to compute the value using the
	// provided function and, if successful, stores and returns
	// the computed value. The loaded result is true if the value was
	// loaded, or false if computed. If valueFn returns true as the
	// cancel value, the computation is cancelled and the zero value
	// for type V is returned.
	//
	// This call locks a hash table bucket while the compute function
	// is executed. It means that modifications on other entries in
	// the bucket will be blocked until the valueFn executes. Consider
	// this when the function includes long-running operations.
	GetOrCompute(k K, valueFn func() (newValue V, cancel bool), d time.Duration) (value V, loaded bool)

// Compute either sets the computed new value for the key,
	// deletes the value for the key, or does nothing, based on
	// the returned [ComputeOp]. When the op returned by valueFn
	// is [UpdateOp], the value is updated to the new value. If
	// it is [DeleteOp], the entry is removed from the map
	// altogether. And finally, if the op is [CancelOp] then the
	// entry is left as-is. In other words, if it did not already
	// exist, it is not created, and if it did exist, it is not
	// updated. This is useful to synchronously execute some
	// operation on the value without incurring the cost of
	// updating the map every time. The ok result indicates
	// whether the entry is present in the map after the compute
	// operation. The actual result contains the value of the map
	// if a corresponding entry is present, or the zero value
	// otherwise. See the example for a few use cases.
	//
	// This call locks a hash table bucket while the compute function
	// is executed. It means that modifications on other entries in
	// the bucket will be blocked until the valueFn executes. Consider
	// this when the function includes long-running operations.
	Compute(
		k K,
		valueFn func(oldValue V, loaded bool) (newValue V, op ComputeOp),
		d time.Duration,
	) (actual V, ok bool)

// GetAndDelete Get an item from the cache, and delete the key.
	// Returns the item or nil,
	// and a boolean indicating whether the key was found.
	GetAndDelete(k K) (value V, loaded bool)

// Delete an item from the cache.
	// Does nothing if the key is not in the cache.
	Delete(k K)

// DeleteExpired delete all expired items from the cache.
	DeleteExpired()

// Range calls f sequentially for each key and value present in the map.
	// If f returns false, range stops the iteration.
	Range(f func(k K, v V) bool)

// Items return the items in the cache.
	// This is a snapshot, which may include items that are about to expire.
	Items() map[K]V

// ItemsWithExpiration return the items in the cache with their expiration times.
	// This is a snapshot, which may include items that are about to expire.
	// The returned map contains items where the time.Time is zero for items that never expire.
	ItemsWithExpiration() map[K]ItemWithExpiration[V]

// LoadItems loads multiple items into the cache.
	// This is useful for bulk loading data from external sources.
	LoadItems(items map[K]V, defaultExpiration time.Duration)

// LoadItemsWithExpiration loads multiple items with their expiration times into the cache.
	// Items with zero expiration time will never expire.
	LoadItemsWithExpiration(items map[K]ItemWithExpiration[V])

// Clear deletes all keys and values currently stored in the map.
	Clear()

// Close closes the cache and releases any resources associated with it.
	Close()

// Count returns the number of items in the cache.
	// This may include items that have expired but have not been cleaned up.
	Count() int

// DefaultExpiration returns the default expiration time for the cache.
	DefaultExpiration() time.Duration

// SetDefaultExpiration sets the default expiration time for the cache.
	// Atomic safety.
	SetDefaultExpiration(defaultExpiration time.Duration)

// EvictedCallback returns the callback function to execute
	// when a key-value pair expires and is evicted.
	EvictedCallback() EvictedCallback[K, V]

// SetEvictedCallback Set the callback function to be executed
	// when the key-value pair expires and is evicted.
	// Atomic safety.
	SetEvictedCallback(evictedCallback EvictedCallback[K, V])
}

// ItemWithExpiration represents a cache item with its expiration time
// Zero time means never expires
type ItemWithExpiration[V any] struct {
	Value      V         `json:"value"`
	Expiration time.Time `json:"expiration"`
}

func New[K comparable, V any](opts ...Option[K, V]) Cache[K, V] {
	cfg := DefaultConfig[K, V]()
	for _, opt := range opts {
		opt(&cfg)
	}
	return newXsyncMap[K, V](cfg)
}

func NewDefault[K comparable, V any](
	defaultExpiration,
	cleanupInterval time.Duration,
	evictedCallback ...EvictedCallback[K, V],
) Cache[K, V] {
	return newXsyncMapDefault[K, V](defaultExpiration, cleanupInterval, evictedCallback...)
}
```

## 🔰 Map Interface

```go
const (
	// CancelOp signals to Compute to not do anything as a result
	// of executing the lambda. If the entry was not present in
	// the map, nothing happens, and if it was present, the
	// returned value is ignored.
	CancelOp ComputeOp = iota
	// UpdateOp signals to Compute to update the entry to the
	// value returned by the lambda, creating it if necessary.
	UpdateOp
	// DeleteOp signals to Compute to always delete the entry
	// from the map.
	DeleteOp
)

type Map[K comparable, V any] interface {
	// Load returns the value stored in the map for a key, or zero value
	// of type V if no value is present.
	// The ok result indicates whether value was found in the map.
	Load(key K) (value V, ok bool)

// Store sets the value for a key.
	Store(key K, value V)

// LoadOrStore returns the existing value for the key if present.
	// Otherwise, it stores and returns the given value.
	// The loaded result is true if the value was loaded, false if stored.
	LoadOrStore(key K, value V) (actual V, loaded bool)

// LoadAndStore returns the existing value for the key if present,
	// while setting the new value for the key.
	// It stores the new value and returns the existing one, if present.
	// The loaded result is true if the existing value was loaded,
	// false otherwise.
	LoadAndStore(key K, value V) (actual V, loaded bool)

// LoadOrCompute returns the existing value for the key if
	// present. Otherwise, it tries to compute the value using the
	// provided function and, if successful, stores and returns
	// the computed value. The loaded result is true if the value was
	// loaded, or false if computed. If valueFn returns true as the
	// cancel value, the computation is cancelled and the zero value
	// for type V is returned.
	//
	// This call locks a hash table bucket while the compute function
	// is executed. It means that modifications on other entries in
	// the bucket will be blocked until the valueFn executes. Consider
	// this when the function includes long-running operations.
	LoadOrCompute(
		key K,
		valueFn func() (newValue V, cancel bool),
	) (value V, loaded bool)

// Compute either sets the computed new value for the key,
	// deletes the value for the key, or does nothing, based on
	// the returned [ComputeOp]. When the op returned by valueFn
	// is [UpdateOp], the value is updated to the new value. If
	// it is [DeleteOp], the entry is removed from the map
	// altogether. And finally, if the op is [CancelOp] then the
	// entry is left as-is. In other words, if it did not already
	// exist, it is not created, and if it did exist, it is not
	// updated. This is useful to synchronously execute some
	// operation on the value without incurring the cost of
	// updating the map every time. The ok result indicates
	// whether the entry is present in the map after the compute
	// operation. The actual result contains the value of the map
	// if a corresponding entry is present, or the zero value
	// otherwise. See the example for a few use cases.
	//
	// This call locks a hash table bucket while the compute function
	// is executed. It means that modifications on other entries in
	// the bucket will be blocked until the valueFn executes. Consider
	// this when the function includes long-running operations.
	Compute(
		key K,
		valueFn func(oldValue V, loaded bool) (newValue V, op ComputeOp),
	) (actual V, ok bool)

// LoadAndDelete deletes the value for a key, returning the previous
	// value if any. The loaded result reports whether the key was
	// present.
	LoadAndDelete(key K) (value V, loaded bool)

// Delete deletes the value for a key.
	Delete(key K)

// Range calls f sequentially for each key and value present in the
	// map. If f returns false, range stops the iteration.
	//
	// Range does not necessarily correspond to any consistent snapshot
	// of the Map's contents: no key will be visited more than once, but
	// if the value for any key is stored or deleted concurrently, Range
	// may reflect any mapping for that key from any point during the
	// Range call.
	//
	// It is safe to modify the map while iterating it, including entry
	// creation, modification and deletion. However, the concurrent
	// modification rule apply, i.e. the changes may be not reflected
	// in the subsequently iterated entries.
	Range(f func(key K, value V) bool)

// Clear deletes all keys and values currently stored in the map.
	Clear()

// Size returns current size of the map.
	Size() int
}
```

## 🛠 Config

```go
const (
	// NoExpiration mark cached item never expire.
	NoExpiration = -2 * time.Second

// DefaultExpiration use the default expiration time set when the cache was created.
	// Equivalent to passing in the same e duration as was given to NewCache() or NewCacheDefault().
	DefaultExpiration = -1 * time.Second

// DefaultCleanupInterval the default time interval for automatically cleaning up expired key-value pairs
	DefaultCleanupInterval = 10 * time.Second

// DefaultMinCapacity specify the initial cache capacity (minimum capacity)
	DefaultMinCapacity = 32 * 3
)

// EvictedCallback callback function to execute when the key-value pair expires and is evicted.
// Warning: cannot block, it is recommended to use goroutine.
type EvictedCallback[K comparable, V any] func(k K, v V)

type Config[K comparable, V any] struct {
	// DefaultExpiration default expiration time for key-value pairs.
	DefaultExpiration time.Duration

// CleanupInterval the interval at which expired key-value pairs are automatically cleaned up.
	CleanupInterval time.Duration

// EvictedCallback executed when the key-value pair expires.
	EvictedCallback EvictedCallback[K, V]

// MinCapacity specify the initial cache capacity (minimum capacity)
	MinCapacity int
}
```

## 🤖 Benchmarks

- Number of entries used in benchmark: `1_000_000`

- ```go
  {"100%-reads", 100}, // 100% loads,    0% stores,    0% deletes
  {"99%-reads", 99},   //  99% loads,  0.5% stores,  0.5% deletes
  {"90%-reads", 90},   //  90% loads,    5% stores,    5% deletes
  {"75%-reads", 75},   //  75% loads, 12.5% stores, 12.5% deletes
  {"50%-reads", 50},   //  50% loads,   25% stores,   25% deletes
  {"0%-reads", 0},     //   0% loads,   50% stores,   50% deletes
  ```

```go
# go test -run=^$ -benchtime=1s -bench=^BenchmarkCache
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/fufuok/cache
cpu: AMD Ryzen 7 5700G with Radeon Graphics
BenchmarkCache_NoWarmUp/99%-reads-16    63965202                17.95 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_NoWarmUp/90%-reads-16    67328943                24.10 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_NoWarmUp/75%-reads-16    58756623                23.86 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_NoWarmUp/50%-reads-16    56851326                27.52 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_NoWarmUp/0%-reads-16     48408231                30.44 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_NoWarmUp/99%-reads-16            120131253               10.23 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_NoWarmUp/90%-reads-16            100000000               13.78 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_NoWarmUp/75%-reads-16            100000000               15.84 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_NoWarmUp/50%-reads-16            100000000               17.66 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_NoWarmUp/0%-reads-16             77839507                20.96 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_WarmUp/100%-reads-16                     32617021                38.83 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_WarmUp/99%-reads-16                      34722482                34.13 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_WarmUp/90%-reads-16                      32676339                32.14 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_WarmUp/75%-reads-16                      41837350                28.35 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_WarmUp/50%-reads-16                      40624537                31.01 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_WarmUp/0%-reads-16                       31336846                32.22 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_WarmUp/100%-reads-16             67382474                18.11 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_WarmUp/99%-reads-16              69214749                18.84 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_WarmUp/90%-reads-16              71938634                16.10 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_WarmUp/75%-reads-16              61299493                16.38 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_WarmUp/50%-reads-16              58511590                18.37 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Integer_WarmUp/0%-reads-16               49336832                20.99 ns/op
BenchmarkCache_Range-16                                      318           4516644 ns/op
```

```go
# go test -run=^$ -benchtime=1s -bench=^BenchmarkMap
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/fufuok/cache
cpu: AMD Ryzen 7 5700G with Radeon Graphics
BenchmarkMap_NoWarmUp/99%-reads-16              72496048                18.52 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_NoWarmUp/90%-reads-16              63024735                21.56 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_NoWarmUp/75%-reads-16              59399750                25.12 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_NoWarmUp/50%-reads-16              51399138                24.23 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_NoWarmUp/0%-reads-16               51073983                28.00 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_NoWarmUp/99%-reads-16              148085829                8.401 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_NoWarmUp/90%-reads-16              100000000               12.25 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_NoWarmUp/75%-reads-16              100000000               13.06 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_NoWarmUp/50%-reads-16              100000000               14.64 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_NoWarmUp/0%-reads-16               81655238                16.92 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_NoWarmUp/99%-reads-16           5306242               319.2 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_NoWarmUp/90%-reads-16           2906460               461.2 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_NoWarmUp/75%-reads-16           2386760               504.1 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_NoWarmUp/50%-reads-16           2469435               515.5 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_NoWarmUp/0%-reads-16            1997181               575.5 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_WarmUp/100%-reads-16                       37755207                31.90 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_WarmUp/99%-reads-16                        36679430                31.53 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_WarmUp/90%-reads-16                        45285555                26.23 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_WarmUp/75%-reads-16                        45376821                25.98 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_WarmUp/50%-reads-16                        35553566                28.31 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_WarmUp/0%-reads-16                         33345013                34.30 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_WarmUp/100%-reads-16               420121954                2.787 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_WarmUp/99%-reads-16                161534372                7.975 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_WarmUp/90%-reads-16                100000000               14.23 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_WarmUp/75%-reads-16                80478811                15.98 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_WarmUp/50%-reads-16                67574710                17.81 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Integer_WarmUp/0%-reads-16                 57477188                22.04 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_WarmUp/100%-reads-16           13763970                77.03 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_WarmUp/99%-reads-16             4539453               242.3 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_WarmUp/90%-reads-16             4369597               240.1 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_WarmUp/75%-reads-16             2665832               380.1 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_WarmUp/50%-reads-16             2142928               500.8 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_StandardMap_WarmUp/0%-reads-16              2104003               599.6 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_Range-16                                        392           3183282 ns/op
BenchmarkMap_RangeStandardMap-16                             188           6469273 ns/op
```

*ff*

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