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# MsBuild cheatsheet

## Properties

### Define property

```xml
<PropertyGroup>
    <SampleProperty>Value</SampleProperty>
</PropertyGroup>
```

## Collections

### Define collection

```xml
<ItemGroup>
    <SampleCollection Include="Element1">
        <SampleMetadata>ValueX</SampleMetadata>
    </SampleProperty>
    <SampleCollection Include="Element2">
        <SampleMetadata>ValueY</SampleMetadata>
    </SampleProperty>
</ItemGroup>
```
[MSBuild well-known item metadata](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/msbuild/msbuild-well-known-item-metadata?view=vs-2019)

### Update metadata

```xml
<ItemGroup>
    <SampleCollection Update="@(SampleCollection)"  Condition="'%(SampleMetadata)' == 'ValueX'">
        <SampleMetadata>ValueZ</SampleMetadata>
    </SampleProperty>  
</ItemGroup>
```

### Remove elements

```xml
<ItemGroup>
    <SampleCollection Remove="@(SampleCollection)" Condition="'%(SampleMetadata)' == 'ValueX'" />
</ItemGroup>
```

### Remove duplicates

```xml
<ItemGroup>
    <MyItems Include="MyFile.cs"/>
    <MyItems Include="MyFile.cs">
        <Culture>fr</Culture>
    </MyItems>
    <MyItems Include="myfile.cs"/>
</ItemGroup>

<Target Name="RemoveDuplicateItems">
    <RemoveDuplicates
        Inputs="@(MyItems)">
        <Output
            TaskParameter="Filtered"
            ItemName="FilteredItems"/>
    </RemoveDuplicates>
</Target>
```

### Write elements to file

```xml
<Target Name="WriteCollectionToFile">
    <WriteLinesToFile File="SampleFile.txt" Lines="@(SampleCollection)" Overwrite="true" />
</Target>
```

### Read elements from file

```xml
<Target Name="ReadCollectionFromFile">
    <ReadLinesFromFile File="SampleFile.txt">
        <Output TaskParameter="Lines" ItemName="SampleCollection"/>    
    </ReadLinesFromFile>
</Target>
```

## Conditions

### Conditional Groups

```xml
<Choose>
    <When Condition="'$(MSBuildAssemblyVersion)' == ''">
        <PropertyGroup>
            <CSharpTargetsPath>$(MSBuildFrameworkToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets</CSharpTargetsPath>
            <CscToolPath Condition="'$(CscToolPath)' == '' and '$(BuildingInsideVisualStudio)' != 'true'">$(MsBuildFrameworkToolsPath)</CscToolPath>
        </PropertyGroup>
    </When>
    <When Condition="'$(IsCrossTargetingBuild)' == 'true'">
        <PropertyGroup>
            <CSharpTargetsPath>$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.CrossTargeting.targets</CSharpTargetsPath>
        </PropertyGroup>
    </When>
    <Otherwise>
        <PropertyGroup>
            <CSharpTargetsPath>$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.CurrentVersion.targets</CSharpTargetsPath>
        </PropertyGroup>
    </Otherwise>
</Choose>
```

## Targets

### Import file with targets

```xml
<Import Project="Microsoft.Managed.Core.targets"/>
```

### Call another target

```xml
<Target Name="Start">
    <CallTarget Targets="AnotherTarget" />
</Target> 
```

### Incremental build

The target will be skipped if the output file exists is newer than all of the input files.

```xml
<Target Name="SampleTarget" Inputs="@(InputFiles)" Outputs="$(OutputFile)">
</Target>
```

### Run target for each element

```xml
<Target Name="SampleTarget" Inputs="@(SampleCollection)" Outputs="%(Identity).Dummy">
    <Message Text="Item = %(SampleCollection.Identity)" />
    <Message Text="Meta = %(SampleCollection.SampleMetadata)" />
</Target>
```

### Running target if file get changed
This will run `GenerateCodeFromAttributes` target if any files that belongs to `Compile` collection get changed.

```xml
<ItemDefinitionGroup>
    <Compile>
        <Generator>MSBuild:GenerateCodeFromAttributes</Generator>
    </Compile>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
```

## Tasks

### Using task

```xml
<UsingTask TaskName="NuGet.Build.Tasks.RestoreTask" AssemblyFile="NuGet.Build.Tasks.dll" />
<Target Name="Restore" DependsOnTargets="_GenerateRestoreGraph">
    <RestoreTask
      RestoreGraphItems="@(_RestoreGraphEntryFiltered)"
      RestoreDisableParallel="$(RestoreDisableParallel)"
      RestoreNoCache="$(RestoreNoCache)"
      RestoreIgnoreFailedSources="$(RestoreIgnoreFailedSources)"
      RestoreRecursive="$(RestoreRecursive)"
      RestoreForce="$(RestoreForce)"
      HideWarningsAndErrors="$(HideWarningsAndErrors)"
      Interactive="$(NuGetInteractive)"
      RestoreForceEvaluate="$(RestoreForceEvaluate)"/>
  </Target>
```

### Inline task with C#

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/msbuild/msbuild-inline-tasks?view=vs-2019

```xml
<UsingTask TaskName="TokenReplace" TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Core.dll">
    <ParameterGroup>
      <Path ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
      <Token ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
      <Replacement ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
    </ParameterGroup>
    <Task>
      <Code Type="Fragment" Language="cs"><![CDATA[
string content = File.ReadAllText(Path);
content = content.Replace(Token, Replacement);
File.WriteAllText(Path, content);

]]></Code>
    </Task>
  </UsingTask>

<Target Name='Demo' >
    <TokenReplace Path="C:\Project\Target.config" Token="$MyToken$" Replacement="MyValue"/>
  </Target>
```

### Inline task with PowerShell

https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/msbuild/2010/02/20/msbuild-task-factories-guest-starring-windows-powershell/

```xml
 <UsingTask TaskFactory="WindowsPowershellTaskFactory" TaskName="SendMail" AssemblyFile="$(TaskFactoryPath)WindowsPowershellTaskFactory.dll">
        <ParameterGroup>
            <From Required="true" ParameterType="System.String" />
            <Recipients Required="true" ParameterType="System.String" />
            <Subject Required="true" ParameterType="System.String" />
            <Body Required="true" ParameterType="System.String" />
            <RecipientCount Output="true" />
        </ParameterGroup>
        <Task>
            <![CDATA[
        $smtp = New-Object System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient
        $smtp.Host = "mail.microsoft.com"
        $smtp.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultCredentials
        $smtp.Send($From, $Recipients, $Subject, $Body)
        $RecipientCount = $Recipients.Split(';').Length
        $log.LogMessage([Microsoft.Build.Framework.MessageImportance]"High", "Send mail to {0} recipients.", $recipientCount)
      ]]>
        </Task>
</UsingTask>
<PropertyGroup>
	<BuildLabEmail>buildlab@yourcompany.com</BuildLabEmail>
	<BuildRecipients>interested@party.com;boss@guy.com</BuildRecipients>
</PropertyGroup>
<Target Name="SendMailAfterBuild" AfterTargets="Build">
	<SendMail From="$(BuildLabEmail)" Recipients="$(BuildRecipients)" Subject="Build status" Body="Build completed">
		<Output TaskParameter="RecipientCount" PropertyName="RecipientCount" />
	</SendMail>
</Target>
```

## Path's tasks

Convert path to absolute path
```xml
<ConvertToAbsolutePath Paths="$(RestoreOutputPath)">
    <Output TaskParameter="AbsolutePaths" PropertyName="RestoreOutputAbsolutePath" />
</ConvertToAbsolutePath>
```

## Additional *.props and *.targets files loaded by convention

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/msbuild/customize-your-build?view=vs-2019

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