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Optimized Golang SDK for Solana - RPC, Websocket, Yellowstone Optimised Support

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- - ci.yml
  - live-conformance.yml
- - gen_readme.go
- .gitignore
- alt_bench_test.go
- alt_parity_test.go
- binary_bench_test.go
- client_bench_test.go
- compute_bench_test.go
- compute_parity_test.go
- confirm_bench_test.go
- data_bench_test.go
- go.mod
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- hash_bench_test.go
- keygenfile_bench_test.go
- loaders_bench_test.go
- loaders_parity_test.go
- memo_bench_test.go
- memo_parity_test.go
- message_bench_test.go
- mnemonic_bench_test.go
- pda_bench_test.go
- privatekey_bench_test.go
- publickey_bench_test.go
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- system_parity_test.go
- transaction_bench_test.go
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- uint128_bench_test.go
- vote_bench_test.go
- vote_parity_test.go
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  - constants.go
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  - types.go
  - update_commission.go
  - update_commission_bps.go
  - update_commission_collector.go
  - update_validator_identity.go
  - update_vote_state.go
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  - vote.go
  - vote_switch.go
  - withdraw.go
- README.md
- account.go
- account_info.go
- account_info_test.go
- account_test.go
- cache.go
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- client.go
- client_methods.go
- client_methods_opts_test.go
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- data_bytes_or_json_test.go
- doc.go
- endpoints.go
- endpoints_test.go
- example_test.go
- fee_calculator.go
- filters.go
- filters_test.go
- flux_methods_test.go
- get_account_info.go
- get_account_info_test.go
- get_balance.go
- get_balance_test.go
- get_block.go
- get_block_commitment.go
- get_block_commitment_test.go
- get_block_production.go
- get_block_production_test.go
- get_block_test.go
- get_blocks.go
- get_blocks_test.go
- get_cluster_nodes.go
- get_cluster_nodes_test.go
- get_epoch_info.go
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- get_epoch_schedule.go
- get_epoch_schedule_test.go
- get_fee_for_message.go
- get_fee_for_message_test.go
- get_flux_token_accounts.go
- get_highest_snapshot_slot.go
- get_highest_snapshot_slot_test.go
- get_identity.go
- get_identity_test.go
- get_inflation_governor.go
- get_inflation_governor_test.go
- get_inflation_rate.go
- get_inflation_rate_test.go
- get_inflation_reward.go
- get_inflation_reward_test.go
- get_largest_accounts.go
- get_largest_accounts_test.go
- get_latest_blockhash.go
- get_latest_blockhash_test.go
- get_leader_schedule.go
- get_leader_schedule_test.go
- get_multiple_accounts.go
- get_multiple_accounts_test.go
- get_parsed_transaction.go
- get_parsed_transaction_test.go
- get_priority_fee_estimate.go
- get_recent_performance_samples.go
- get_recent_performance_samples_test.go
- get_recent_prioritization_fees.go
- get_recent_prioritization_fees_test.go
- get_signature_statuses.go
- get_signature_statuses_test.go
- get_signatures_for_address.go
- get_signatures_for_address_test.go
- get_slot.go
- get_slot_test.go
- get_stake_minimum_delegation.go
- get_stake_minimum_delegation_test.go
- get_supply.go
- get_supply_test.go
- get_token_account_balance.go
- get_token_account_balance_test.go
- get_token_accounts.go
- get_token_accounts_test.go
- get_token_largest_accounts.go
- get_token_largest_accounts_test.go
- get_token_supply.go
- get_token_supply_test.go
- get_transaction.go
- get_transaction_test.go
- get_transactions_for_address.go
- get_transactions_for_address_test.go
- get_upcoming_leaders.go
- get_version.go
- get_version_test.go
- get_vote_accounts.go
- get_vote_accounts_test.go
- inner_instruction.go
- inner_instruction_test.go
- live_test.go
- loaded_addresses.go
- loaded_addresses_test.go
- parsed_transaction.go
- parsed_transaction_test.go
- program_accounts.go
- program_accounts_test.go
- request_airdrop.go
- request_airdrop_test.go
- return_data.go
- return_data_test.go
- reward.go
- reward_test.go
- simulate_transaction.go
- simulate_transaction_test.go
- stream.go
- stream_test.go
- testutil_test.go
- token_balance.go
- token_balance_test.go
- transaction_meta.go
- transaction_meta_test.go
- transaction_opts.go
- transaction_opts_test.go
- transaction_signature.go
- transaction_signature_test.go
- transaction_version.go
- transaction_version_test.go
- transaction_with_meta.go
- transaction_with_meta_test.go
- account.go
- block.go
- client.go
- client_test.go
- doc.go
- example_test.go
- live_test.go
- logs.go
- parsed_block_test.go
- release_test.go
- signature.go
- slot.go
- - generate.go
  - geyser.pb.go
  - geyser.proto
  - geyser_grpc.pb.go
  - LICENSE_APACHE2
  - README.md
  - solana-storage.pb.go
  - solana-storage.proto
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- README.md
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.gitattributes
.gitignore
account_meta.go
account_meta_test.go
bip39_english.txt
compat.go
compat_test.go
data.go
data_test.go
doc.go
encoding.go
example_test.go
go.mod
go.sum
go.work
go.work.sum
hash.go
hash_test.go
instruction.go
instruction_test.go
json.go
LICENSE
message.go
message_test.go
mnemonic.go
mnemonic_test.go
pda.go
pda_test.go
private_key.go
private_key_file_test.go
private_key_test.go
program_ids.go
public_key.go
public_key_test.go
README.md
shortvec.go
signature.go
signature_test.go
transaction.go
transaction_builder.go
transaction_builder_test.go
transaction_test.go
transaction_v1.go
transaction_v1_bench_test.go
transaction_v1_test.go
unix_time.go
unix_time_test.go
wallet.go
wallet_test.go

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An optimized Go SDK for Solana: core chain types, a JSON-RPC HTTP client covering the full RPC spec, WebSocket pubsub subscriptions, and a Yellowstone gRPC Geyser client — built for performance with a deliberately small dependency tree.

Development is sponsored and maintained by **[FluxRPC](https://fluxrpc.com)** — Solana & Fogo RPC infrastructure.

- Base58 encoding/decoding via [fluxrpc/base58](https://github.com/fluxrpc/base58) (SIMD-accelerated, fixed-size fast paths for 32/64-byte values).
- Zero-allocation-conscious JSON marshaling (direct quoted-buffer writes, no `json.Marshal` round trips for base58/base64 strings); decoding via [bytedance/sonic](https://github.com/bytedance/sonic).
- Single-allocation binary (wire format) encoding with exact size precomputation; zero-allocation PDA derivation.
- Only supported serializations: `String`, `Bytes` (binary wire format) and JSON. `PublicKey` additionally supports text marshaling so it works as a JSON object key; no BSON or kitchen sink.
- Five dependencies, each earning its keep: `fluxrpc/base58` (base58), `bytedance/sonic` (JSON decoding), `oasisprotocol/curve25519-voi` (ed25519 sign/verify), `klauspost/compress` (base64+zstd account data), `gobwas/ws` (raw WebSocket frames). The gRPC stack lives only in the nested `yellowstone` module.

Full Solana spec compliance is a hard requirement: every RPC method and response field, all nine pubsub subscriptions, legacy, v0 and v1 ([SIMD-0385](https://github.com/solana-foundation/solana-improvement-documents/blob/main/proposals/0385-transaction-v1.md)) transactions, base64+zstd account data.

## Install

```bash
go get github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go
go get github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/yellowstone   # optional; nested module, brings in gRPC
```

The root package is named `solana_go`; import it under an alias:

```go
import (
	solana "github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go"
	"github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/rpc"
)
```

## Quickstart

### Keys

```go
// Generate, or load from the formats solana-keygen and wallets use.
key, _ := solana.NewRandomPrivateKey()
key, err := solana.PrivateKeyFromSolanaKeygenFile("id.json")
key, err = solana.PrivateKeyFromBase58("...")
key, err = solana.PrivateKeyFromSeed(seed) // 32-byte ed25519 seed

fmt.Println(key.PublicKey()) // reads the stored public half, ~3ns

// Zero-allocation PDA derivation.
pda, bump, err := programID.FindProgramAddress(seeds)
ata, bump, err := wallet.FindAssociatedTokenAddress(usdcMint)
```

### Build, sign and send a transaction

```go
client := rpc.New("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com")
recent, err := client.GetLatestBlockhash(ctx, rpc.CommitmentFinalized)

// System-program transfer: u32 instruction index 2, u64 lamports, little-endian.
data := make([]byte, 12)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(data, 2)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(data[4:], 1_000_000)

ix := solana.NewInstruction(
	solana.SystemProgramID,
	solana.AccountMetaSlice{
		payer.PublicKey().Meta().SIGNER().WRITE(),
		recipient.Meta().WRITE(),
	},
	data,
)

tx, err := solana.NewTransaction([]solana.Instruction{ix}, recent.Value.Blockhash,
	solana.TransactionPayer(payer.PublicKey()))

_, err = tx.Sign(func(pub solana.PublicKey) *solana.PrivateKey {
	if pub == payer.PublicKey() {
		return &payer
	}
	return nil
})

sig, err := client.SendTransaction(ctx, tx)
```

For v1 transactions ([SIMD-0385](https://github.com/solana-foundation/solana-improvement-documents/blob/main/proposals/0385-transaction-v1.md)) — up to 4096 bytes, compute-budget requests carried in the header instead of ComputeBudgetProgram instructions:

```go
cuLimit := uint32(200_000)
fee := uint64(5_000)
txV1, err := solana.NewTransactionV1([]solana.Instruction{ix}, recent.Value.Blockhash,
	solana.TransactionConfig{ComputeUnitLimit: &cuLimit, PriorityFeeLamports: &fee},
	solana.TransactionPayer(payer.PublicKey()))
_, err = txV1.Sign(...)          // same getter-style signing as above
raw, err := txV1.MarshalBinary() // up to 4096 bytes, fully sanitized
sig, err := client.SendRawTransactionWithOpts(ctx, raw, rpc.TransactionOpts{SkipPreflight: true})
```

`NewTransaction` compiles instructions into a legacy message, or a v0 message when address lookup tables are supplied via `solana.TransactionAddressTables`. To send and wait for confirmation in one call:

```go
import "github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/confirm"

// With a ws client the signature subscription is armed BEFORE the send,
// so the confirmation can never be missed; pass nil to poll over RPC.
confirmer := confirm.New(client, wsClient)
sig, err := confirmer.SendAndConfirm(ctx, tx)

var execErr *confirm.ExecutionError
if errors.As(err, &execErr) {
	// Confirmed on chain, but an instruction failed; execErr.Err has the cause.
}
```

### Read accounts

```go
client := rpc.New("https://your-endpoint")
client.SetHeader("X-Api-Key", "...") // if the endpoint is authenticated

account, err := client.GetAccountInfo(ctx, ata) // rpc.ErrNotFound if it doesn't exist
fmt.Println(account.Value.Owner, len(account.GetBinary()))

accounts, err := client.GetMultipleAccounts(ctx, key1, key2, key3)
slot, err := client.GetSlot(ctx, rpc.CommitmentFinalized)
```

Every RPC method is available; single-item lookups return `rpc.ErrNotFound` on a null result. Methods with multi-field configuration expose a `WithOpts` variant or accept an options struct directly, while convenience methods keep common calls terse. Transaction and block convenience methods request base64 and default `maxSupportedTransactionVersion=1`.

FluxRPC extensions are first-class rather than hidden behind raw calls:
`GetPriorityFeeEstimate`, `GetTransactionsForAddress` (including a jsonParsed
variant), `GetTokenAccounts`, `GetTokenAccountsCount`, and
`GetUpcomingLeaders`. The program-account client also supports FluxRPC cursor
pagination, changed-slot ranges, sorted results, and async delivery while
retaining every standard Solana option.

### Streaming getProgramAccounts

```go
// Accounts are decoded and delivered while the response body is still
// downloading; memory stays bounded by the largest single account.
_, err := client.GetProgramAccountsStream(ctx, program, nil, func(ka *rpc.KeyedAccount) error {
	process(ka)
	return nil
})
```

### WebSocket subscriptions

```go
client, err := ws.Connect(ctx, "wss://your-endpoint")
sub, err := client.AccountSubscribe(ctx, account, rpc.CommitmentConfirmed)
defer sub.Unsubscribe(context.Background())
for {
	update, err := sub.Recv(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		break // connection died or unsubscribed; client.Err() has the cause
	}
	process(update)
}
```

All nine pubsub subscriptions are covered: account, program, logs, signature, slot, slotsUpdates, root, vote, block — plus `ParsedBlockSubscribe`, the jsonParsed variant of block.

## Full Yellowstone gRPC Geyser client

The separate [`yellowstone`](yellowstone/) module is a complete, easy-to-use
Go client for Solana Yellowstone gRPC (Geyser / Dragon's Mouth). It handles
authenticated TLS connections, every subscription filter family, live filter
updates, large block messages, unary Geyser calls, and conversion into this
SDK's native account, transaction, and metadata types. Because it is a nested
module, applications that only need JSON-RPC do not inherit gRPC or protobuf
dependencies.

Install it independently:

```bash
go get github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/yellowstone
```

Connect and subscribe with the small filter-builder API:

```go
client, err := yellowstone.Connect(ctx, "https://your-geyser:443",
	yellowstone.WithToken("..."))
defer client.Close()

req := yellowstone.NewRequest(pb.CommitmentLevel_CONFIRMED).
	AccountsByOwner("usdc", tokenProgram.String()).
	AllSlots("slots")
stream, err := client.Subscribe(ctx, req)
defer stream.Close()

for {
	update, err := stream.Recv()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if update.GetAccount() != nil {
		converted := update.Account()
		process(converted)
	}
}
```

Filters cover accounts, slots, transactions, blocks, block metadata, and
entries. `Stream.Update` replaces filters without reconnecting.
`Update.Transaction` and `Update.Account` map protobuf updates into this SDK's
types; converted transactions re-serialize byte-identical to the on-chain wire
form. See the [Yellowstone client guide](yellowstone/README.md) for complete
examples, connection options, unary calls, and piping realtime updates into
the built-in RPC cache.

### Account cache

The `rpc.Client` has a built-in account cache — `EnableCache()` and account reads are served from an in-memory sharded cache, with realtime Yellowstone updates piped straight into it so reads for locally-tracked accounts never leave the process:

```go
client := rpc.New(endpoint)
client.EnableCache() // defaults: 800ms freshness, processed commitment; EnableCacheWithOpts to tune

// Mirror accounts, slots and block metadata into the cache...
stream, _ := ys.Subscribe(ctx, req) // request owns account, slot and block-meta filters
go stream.Pipe(rpc.CommitmentConfirmed, client)

// ...and these are all served locally:
account, _ := client.GetAccountInfo(ctx, watchedKey)
slot, _ := client.GetSlot(ctx, rpc.CommitmentProcessed)
blockhash, _ := client.GetLatestBlockhash(ctx, rpc.CommitmentConfirmed)
```

Entries are served when streamed (the feed keeps them current), immutable (`GetAccountInfoImmutable`, for data that never changes), or fetched within the freshness window. Writes are slot-ordered — a late RPC response can never overwrite a newer streamed update — and `GetMultipleAccounts` fetches only its cache misses, deduplicated, in one call. Chain-head data (slot, block height, latest blockhash per commitment level) is cached too, serving `GetSlot`, `GetBlockHeight`, `GetLatestBlockhash` and `IsBlockhashValid` — with its own short freshness window (2s default) so a dead feed can never serve a stale slot or an expiring blockhash. The `WithOpts` variants always bypass the cache; `DisableCache` reverts to pure passthrough. A janitor evicts idle entries; `CacheStats()` reports hits/misses.

## Packages

| Package | Purpose |
|---|---|
| [`solana-go`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go) | Core chain types, codecs, keys and signing, transaction building, PDA derivation |
| [`solana-go/binary`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/binary) | Allocation-free decoder for the bincode/Borsh layouts of account state and instruction data |
| [`solana-go/rpc`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/rpc) | JSON-RPC HTTP client + every RPC request/response type, streaming gPA, account cache |
| [`solana-go/ws`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/ws) | WebSocket pubsub subscriptions |
| [`solana-go/confirm`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/confirm) | Send-and-confirm: race-free WebSocket confirmation, RPC polling fallback |
| [`solana-go/yellowstone`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/yellowstone) | gRPC Geyser client (separate nested module) |

## Feature overview

### Core types

| Type | File | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `PublicKey` | `public_key.go` | 32-byte account key |
| `Signature` | `signature.go` | 64-byte ed25519 signature, `Verify` |
| `Hash` | `hash.go` | 32-byte blockhash |
| `Base58` / `Base64` | `data.go` | byte slices with base58/base64 JSON encoding |
| `AccountMeta` | `account_meta.go` | account role in an instruction |
| `Instruction` / `CompiledInstruction` | `instruction.go` | instruction interface + compiled form |
| `PrivateKey` | `private_key.go` | 64-byte ed25519 keypair, `Sign`, seed/`solana-keygen` file loading |
| `Message` | `message.go` | legacy + v0 messages, binary & JSON |
| `Transaction` | `transaction.go` | signatures + message, binary & JSON |
| `EncodingType` / `Data` | `encoding.go` / `data.go` | RPC data encodings and the `["<content>","<encoding>"]` tuple |
| `NewTransaction` / `TransactionBuilder` | `transaction_builder.go` | compiles instructions into legacy/v0 messages (fee payer, dedup, lookup tables) |
| `TransactionV1` / `NewTransactionV1` | `transaction_v1.go` | SIMD-0385 v1 transactions: 4096-byte limit, header config mask, full sanitization |
| `Wallet` | `wallet.go` | keypair wrapper: random, base58, keygen file, mnemonic |

### Binary encoding and decoding

The [`binary`](binary/) package is a minimal, reflection-free encoder and decoder for the little-endian ("bincode") and Borsh layouts used by Solana account state and instruction data. The sticky-error APIs read and write fields explicitly in layout order: fixed-width integers, typed public keys / signatures / hashes, raw bytes and Borsh strings, Borsh `Option` / SPL `COption` tags, and canonical compact-u16 lengths. Decoder views can alias their input; encoder writes append directly to a caller-provided slice. Preallocate the destination and reuse it with `Reset(buf[:0])` for allocation-free encoding, then check `Err()` once after the last field.

### RPC

The [`rpc`](rpc/) package implements every method of the Solana JSON-RPC API — one file per method (`rpc/get_block.go`, `rpc/get_transaction.go`, …) plus the shared response types (`TransactionMeta`, `Account`, `DataBytesOrJSON`, the `Parsed*` family). The client's generic call path decodes each response envelope in a single sonic pass into pooled buffers over a transport tuned for high per-endpoint concurrency. The response types themselves are plain JSON-tagged structs with custom codecs only where the wire format demands it, so they also work standalone with any JSON library — decode with `sonic.Unmarshal` for the numbers in the benchmarks below.

For `getProgramAccounts`, `rpc.StreamProgramAccounts(body, fn)` decodes accounts incrementally off the response body as it downloads — memory stays bounded by the largest account instead of the whole response, and decoding overlaps the transfer (built for constant-stream delivery such as [FluxRPC](https://fluxrpc.com)'s). With a paced-delivery benchmark (2000 accounts arriving as 32KB chunks every 250µs, `BenchmarkStreamProgramAccountsNetwork` vs `BenchmarkBufferedProgramAccountsNetwork`):

| | streamed | buffered (read all, then decode) | |
|---|---:|---:|---|
| total wall clock | 4.0 ms | 6.2 ms | 1.5x faster |
| time to first account | 0.09 ms | 6.2 ms | ~68x faster |
| memory per response | 686 KB | 2.1 MB | 3.0x less |
| allocations | 4.3 k | 14.1 k | 3.3x fewer |

### WebSocket subscriptions

The [`ws`](ws/) package covers all nine pubsub subscriptions (plus the jsonParsed `ParsedBlockSubscribe` variant of blockSubscribe) over [gobwas/ws](https://github.com/gobwas/ws) raw frames. One read loop reuses a single message buffer and routes exact-size payload copies to buffered per-subscription channels; typed decoding happens on the consumer's goroutine via generic `Subscription[T]`, so a slow consumer drops (and counts) its own notifications instead of stalling the socket. Subscription channels are registered inside the read loop's ack handling, so notifications arriving immediately behind the subscribe ack are never lost.

Notification pipeline throughput (20k account notifications flooded over a local socket, `BenchmarkWs_AccountNotifications`):

| per notification | fluxrpc `ws` | gagliardetto `rpc/ws` (gorilla) | |
|---|---:|---:|---|
| latency | 4.97 µs | 7.23 µs | 1.45x faster |
| memory | 1.66 KB | 2.20 KB | 1.3x less |
| allocations | 15.2 | 30.0 | 2.0x fewer |

Parsed-block notifications (2k jsonParsed block payloads, 3 parsed transactions each, `BenchmarkWs_ParsedBlockNotifications`): 21.8 µs vs 79.4 µs per notification — 3.6x faster, 2.2x fewer allocations. Under the same flood the upstream client aborts once its fixed 200-slot channel fills ("reached channel max capacity"); this client's drop-and-count backpressure keeps the socket alive.

### Send and confirm

The [`confirm`](confirm/) package sends a transaction and waits for it to reach a commitment. With a WebSocket client, the signature subscription is registered **before** the transaction is sent, so a fast confirmation can never race the subscription — the upstream flow subscribes after sending and, if it loses that race, waits for the full timeout. Signature subscriptions are single-shot, so after the terminal notification only local state is dropped (`ws.Subscription.Release`) instead of an unsubscribe round trip. Without a WebSocket client, confirmation is polled over `getSignatureStatuses` with commitment-aware status ranking.

On a loopback end-to-end benchmark (`BenchmarkConfirm_SendAndConfirm`: connect, subscribe, send, notify) the pipeline runs 664 µs vs upstream's 567 µs with 18% fewer allocations — the difference is exactly the subscribe-ack round trip that buys race-freedom, a cost that disappears against real confirmation latencies (hundreds of ms) while the race it removes costs upstream a full timeout when lost.

### Yellowstone (gRPC Geyser)

The [`yellowstone`](yellowstone/) package is a separate nested Go module (`go get github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/yellowstone`), so its gRPC/protobuf dependency tree never touches the core SDK. It wraps the Geyser protocol: `Connect` with `x-token` auth, TLS auto-detection, tuned keepalive and a 1GB receive limit; `Request` methods for fluent filters; `Stream` methods for receiving, live updates and cache piping; unary `Ping`/`GetVersion`/`GetSlot`/`GetLatestBlockhash`/`GetBlockHeight`/`IsBlockhashValid`; and allocation-light conversion methods on each `Update` — converted transactions re-serialize byte-identical and pass signature verification.

| benchmark (bufconn, i7-9700K) | result |
|---|---:|
| subscribe throughput (incl. account conversion) | ~600k updates/sec |
| `Update.Transaction` | 375 ns/op, 7 allocs |
| `Update.Account` | 55 ns/op, 1 alloc |

### Token-2022 confidential transfers

The [`programs/token-2022`](programs/token-2022) nested module implements the
full confidential-transfer proof suite natively in Go. Its cryptographic
dependencies remain outside the root module graph. See the runnable
[confidential transfer example](examples/confidential-transfer).

The table below compares equivalent proof bundles against
[solana-foundation/solana-go PR #484](https://github.com/solana-foundation/solana-go/pull/484)
at commit `1e17bcde`. Results are medians of five 10-iteration runs on an Intel
Core i7-9700K using Go 1.26.4 under linux/amd64.

| Proof workflow | native Go | PR #484 WASM | speedup | native B/op | WASM B/op | native allocs/op | WASM allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| Generate transfer | 18.9 ms | 183.5 ms | 9.7x | 2.09 MB | 0.78 MB | 2,733 | 525 |
| Generate transfer with fee | 34.8 ms | 401.2 ms | 11.5x | 4.14 MB | 1.65 MB | 5,318 | 1,113 |
| Verify transfer | 2.27 ms | 21.05 ms | 9.3x | 166 KB | 111 KB | 879 | 52 |
| Verify transfer with fee | 4.00 ms | 36.49 ms | 9.1x | 312 KB | 184 KB | 1,572 | 86 |

Native proof operations are substantially faster but create more Go heap
objects. The WASM allocation figures do not include all retained linear memory
or the compiled runtime. One-shot initialization measured 90.0 ms and 7.57 MB
for the native service versus 153 ms and 15.3 MB for PR
#484's first lazy WASM operation; these initialize different supporting state
and are therefore indicative rather than directly equivalent.

Run the committed native benchmarks with:

```bash
cd programs/token-2022
go test -run '^$' -bench '^(BenchmarkGenerateConfidentialTransfer|BenchmarkVerifyConfidentialTransfer)' -benchmem -benchtime=10x -count=5
go test -run '^$' -bench '^BenchmarkConfidentialTransferServiceStart$' -benchmem -benchtime=1x -count=5
```

### Account cache

| benchmark | result |
|---|---:|
| `GetAccountInfo` cache hit | 96 ns, 1 alloc (vs ~125 µs for a localhost RPC round trip) |
| `CacheStoreStreamed` ingest | 76 ns, 0 allocs (~13M updates/sec) |
| `GetMultipleAccounts`, 100 cached accounts | 3.6 µs, 2 allocs |

## Benchmarks

Comparing `github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go` (with `github.com/fluxrpc/base58`) against upstream `github.com/gagliardetto/solana-go` (with its bundled base58) for identical operations.

Machine: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9700K CPU @ 3.60GHz. Go: go1.26.4 (linux/amd64).

### Base58Data

### Binary

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| TokenAccount | 36.23 | 149.6 | 4.1x | 0 | 48 | 0 | 1 |
| Metadata | 123.0 | 369.1 | 3.0x | 80 | 212 | 1 | 5 |
| MetadataCopy | 201.6 | 335.8 | 1.7x | 164 | 212 | 4 | 5 |
| CompactU16Short | 4.30 | 4.12 | 1.0x | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CompactU16 | 6.54 | 8.60 | 1.3x | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Hash

### Message

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| MarshalBinary | 195.5 | 222.2 | 1.1x | 288 | 288 | 1 | 1 |
| UnmarshalBinary | 315.8 | 486.7 | 1.5x | 320 | 368 | 4 | 5 |
| MarshalJSON | 1061 | 3768 | 3.6x | 640 | 1177 | 1 | 15 |
| UnmarshalJSON | 3120 | 5917 | 1.9x | 1408 | 2309 | 13 | 50 |

### PrivateKey

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| Sign | 11410 | 21685 | 1.9x | 64 | 64 | 1 | 1 |
| PublicKey | 2.73 | 10856 | 3969.3x | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FromKeygenFile | 10298 | 11752 | 1.1x | 64 | 360 | 1 | 67 |
| FromMnemonic | 1022195 | 1016129 | 1.0x | 6160 | 6480 | 55 | 76 |

### PublicKey

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| String | 71.40 | 121.0 | 1.7x | 48 | 48 | 1 | 1 |
| FromBase58 | 42.30 | 74.44 | 1.8x | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| MarshalJSON | 80.61 | 115.7 | 1.4x | 48 | 48 | 1 | 1 |
| UnmarshalJSON | 70.39 | 206.0 | 2.9x | 0 | 64 | 0 | 2 |

### Signature

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| String | 138.3 | 467.4 | 3.4x | 96 | 96 | 1 | 1 |
| FromBase58 | 68.69 | 333.7 | 4.9x | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| MarshalJSON | 143.2 | 483.0 | 3.4x | 96 | 96 | 1 | 1 |
| UnmarshalJSON | 119.4 | 518.4 | 4.3x | 0 | 112 | 0 | 2 |
| Verify | 31705 | 32995 | 1.0x | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Transaction

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| MarshalBinary | 251.0 | 306.5 | 1.2x | 640 | 648 | 2 | 3 |
| FromBytes | 343.1 | 687.2 | 2.0x | 528 | 632 | 6 | 9 |
| MarshalJSON | 5213 | 7751 | 1.5x | 2178 | 2045 | 3 | 17 |
| UnmarshalJSON | 8579 | 9855 | 1.1x | 2557 | 2762 | 20 | 59 |
| Build | 1149 | 1647 | 1.4x | 864 | 1152 | 8 | 15 |
| BuildV0 | 2048 | 2316 | 1.1x | 1472 | 1200 | 14 | 22 |

### RpcTransactionMeta

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| UnmarshalJSON | 4322 | 7736 | 1.8x | 1635 | 2893 | 4 | 44 |
| MarshalJSON | 3432 | 6224 | 1.8x | 2118 | 2143 | 15 | 21 |

### RpcAccount

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| UnmarshalJSON | 1044 | 1399 | 1.3x | 277 | 528 | 4 | 13 |
| MarshalJSON | 694.6 | 1577 | 2.3x | 307 | 464 | 5 | 11 |

### RpcGetBlockResult

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| UnmarshalJSON | 6303 | 10071 | 1.6x | 4801 | 5556 | 16 | 48 |
| MarshalJSON | 4342 | 11517 | 2.7x | 4114 | 6754 | 15 | 40 |

### RpcGetTransactionResult

### RpcParsedTransaction

### Pda

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| FindProgramAddress | 3361 | 3746 | 1.1x | 0 | 625 | 0 | 6 |
| CreateProgramAddress | 3396 | 3510 | 1.0x | 0 | 168 | 0 | 4 |
| FindAssociatedTokenAddress | 3649 | 5396 | 1.5x | 0 | 721 | 0 | 9 |
| IsOnCurve | 3899 | 3724 | 1.0x | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Wallet

| Operation | fluxrpc ns/op | upstream ns/op | speedup | fluxrpc B/op | upstream B/op | fluxrpc allocs/op | upstream allocs/op |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| New | 11664 | 11402 | 1.0x | 152 | 152 | 4 | 4 |

### ns/op comparison

```text
Base58Data_MarshalJSON
  flux  ███                                      561.6 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 8003 ns/op

Base58Data_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  ██                                       296.6 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 7020 ns/op

Binary_TokenAccount
  flux  ██████████                               36.23 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 149.6 ns/op

Binary_Metadata
  flux  █████████████                            123.0 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 369.1 ns/op

Binary_MetadataCopy
  flux  ████████████████████████                 201.6 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 335.8 ns/op

Binary_CompactU16Short
  flux  ████████████████████████████████████████ 4.30 ns/op
  gagl  ██████████████████████████████████████   4.12 ns/op  <-- faster

Binary_CompactU16
  flux  ██████████████████████████████           6.54 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 8.60 ns/op

Hash_String
  flux  ██████████████████████                   71.12 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 131.8 ns/op

Hash_FromBase58
  flux  █████████████████████                    43.62 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 84.83 ns/op

Message_MarshalBinary
  flux  ███████████████████████████████████      195.5 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 222.2 ns/op

Message_UnmarshalBinary
  flux  ██████████████████████████               315.8 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 486.7 ns/op

Message_MarshalJSON
  flux  ███████████                              1061 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 3768 ns/op

Message_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  █████████████████████                    3120 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 5917 ns/op

PrivateKey_Sign
  flux  █████████████████████                    11410 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 21685 ns/op

PrivateKey_PublicKey
  flux  █                                        2.73 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 10856 ns/op

PrivateKey_FromKeygenFile
  flux  ███████████████████████████████████      10298 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 11752 ns/op

PrivateKey_FromMnemonic
  flux  ████████████████████████████████████████ 1022195 ns/op
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 1016129 ns/op  <-- faster

PublicKey_String
  flux  ████████████████████████                 71.40 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 121.0 ns/op

PublicKey_FromBase58
  flux  ███████████████████████                  42.30 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 74.44 ns/op

PublicKey_MarshalJSON
  flux  ████████████████████████████             80.61 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 115.7 ns/op

PublicKey_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  ██████████████                           70.39 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 206.0 ns/op

Signature_String
  flux  ████████████                             138.3 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 467.4 ns/op

Signature_FromBase58
  flux  ████████                                 68.69 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 333.7 ns/op

Signature_MarshalJSON
  flux  ████████████                             143.2 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 483.0 ns/op

Signature_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  █████████                                119.4 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 518.4 ns/op

Signature_Verify
  flux  ██████████████████████████████████████   31705 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 32995 ns/op

Transaction_MarshalBinary
  flux  █████████████████████████████████        251.0 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 306.5 ns/op

Transaction_FromBytes
  flux  ████████████████████                     343.1 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 687.2 ns/op

Transaction_MarshalJSON
  flux  ███████████████████████████              5213 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 7751 ns/op

Transaction_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  ███████████████████████████████████      8579 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 9855 ns/op

Transaction_Build
  flux  ████████████████████████████             1149 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 1647 ns/op

Transaction_BuildV0
  flux  ███████████████████████████████████      2048 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 2316 ns/op

RpcTransactionMeta_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  ██████████████████████                   4322 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 7736 ns/op

RpcTransactionMeta_MarshalJSON
  flux  ██████████████████████                   3432 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 6224 ns/op

RpcAccount_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  ██████████████████████████████           1044 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 1399 ns/op

RpcAccount_MarshalJSON
  flux  ██████████████████                       694.6 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 1577 ns/op

RpcGetBlockResult_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  █████████████████████████                6303 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 10071 ns/op

RpcGetBlockResult_MarshalJSON
  flux  ███████████████                          4342 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 11517 ns/op

RpcGetTransactionResult_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  ██████████████████████                   2253 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 4023 ns/op

RpcParsedTransaction_UnmarshalJSON
  flux  ██████████████████                       4112 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 9247 ns/op

Pda_FindProgramAddress
  flux  ████████████████████████████████████     3361 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 3746 ns/op

Pda_CreateProgramAddress
  flux  ███████████████████████████████████████  3396 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 3510 ns/op

Pda_FindAssociatedTokenAddress
  flux  ███████████████████████████              3649 ns/op  <-- faster
  gagl  ████████████████████████████████████████ 5396 ns/op

Pda_IsOnCurve
  flux  ████████████████████████████████████████ 3899 ns/op
  gagl  ██████████████████████████████████████   3724 ns/op  <-- faster

Wallet_New
  flux  ████████████████████████████████████████ 11664 ns/op
  gagl  ███████████████████████████████████████  11402 ns/op  <-- faster
```

The tables and graph above are generated by the [`benchcmp`](benchcmp/) tooling module (its own Go module, so the comparison target's dependency tree never touches this one), comparing identical operations against the widely-used [gagliardetto/solana-go](https://github.com/gagliardetto/solana-go). The same module's tests assert byte-identical output parity with upstream and run in CI. Regenerate with:

```bash
cd benchcmp
./run.sh '.*'      # run all comparisons, append to results.txt
./splice.sh '.*'   # splice the section above into the README
```

JSON strategy: encoding is hand-rolled straight into one buffer (measured ~2.5x faster than any reflection-based encoder walking our structs, including sonic); whole-struct decoding uses [bytedance/sonic](https://github.com/bytedance/sonic), which beats the `goccy/go-json` decoder used by gagliardetto's client — that pairing is what the tables above measure. Callers get these paths regardless of which JSON package they invoke, since they are wired in via the `MarshalJSON`/`UnmarshalJSON` methods.

## Native program codecs

Handwritten, typed instruction codecs live in opt-in packages under
`github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go/programs`. They cover System, Address Lookup Table,
Compute Budget, Stake, Vote, and loader v2/v3/v4. These packages add no
third-party dependencies and are only compiled when imported.

```bash
go get github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go@latest
```

Each program is a normal package with concrete constructors and a typed decode
envelope—there is no builder step, runtime registry, reflection, `any`, or type
assertion. See [programs/README.md](programs/README.md) for the API shape,
ownership rules, and requirements for adding another program. The `benchcmp`
module pins `solana-foundation/solana-go/v2` for exact shared-instruction parity
and comparative constructor, encode, and decode benchmarks.

## Testing

Unit tests run without any network access:

```bash
go test ./...
cd yellowstone && go test ./...
```

Live conformance suites exercise every method against a real endpoint; the RPC suite additionally re-marshals each response type and diffs it against the raw JSON, failing if the server sent a populated field the DTO would drop:

```bash
RPC_URL=https://... go test ./rpc/ -run TestLiveRPC
WS_URL=wss://...   go test ./ws/  -run TestLive
YELLOWSTONE_ENDPOINT=... YELLOWSTONE_TOKEN=... go test ./yellowstone/ -run TestLive
```

The `Live conformance` GitHub Actions workflow runs the RPC and WebSocket suites weekly against Solana public endpoints. Set the optional `SOLANA_RPC_URL` and `SOLANA_WS_URL` Actions secrets to use dedicated endpoints without exposing API keys embedded in their URLs. The Yellowstone job runs when the `YELLOWSTONE_ENDPOINT` repository variable is set and reads its token from the `YELLOWSTONE_TOKEN` Actions secret.

## Documentation

Full API documentation is godoc-first: every exported symbol is documented, each package carries an architectural overview in its `doc.go`, and runnable examples appear under Examples on [pkg.go.dev](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go). Browse locally with:

```bash
go doc github.com/fluxrpc/solana-go            # or any symbol, e.g. go doc rpc.Client
go run golang.org/x/pkgsite/cmd/pkgsite@latest -open .
```

## License & sponsorship

[MIT](LICENSE). Built and maintained by [FluxRPC](https://fluxrpc.com) — if you need high-performance Solana RPC, Geyser streams, or dedicated nodes, that's what we do.

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