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PHP REST API microframework

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# Plankton: a RESTful API microframework

## Requirements

- PHP >= 7.2
 - PHP cURL extension
 - Apache HTTP Server >= 2.4
 - Apache mod_rewrite enabled

## Installation

composer require foxdie/rest

## Table of content
- [Client](#client)
  * [Creating a client](#creating-a-client)
  * [GET example](#get-example)
    + [using callback](#using-callback)
    + [using magic](#using-magic)
  * [POST example](#post-example)
    + [using callback](#using-callback-1)
    + [using magic](#using-magic-1)
  * [PUT, PATCH and DELETE examples](#put--patch-and-delete-examples)
  * [Content types](#content-types)
  * [Custom request example](#custom-request-example)
  * [Magic calls](#magic-calls)
    + [Spinal case](#spinal-case)
    + [Examples](#examples)
  * [Authentication strategy](#authentication-strategy)
    + [anonymous auth](#anonymous-auth)
    + [basic auth](#basic-auth)
    + [client credentials](#client-credentials)
- [Server](#server)
  * [Creating a server](#creating-a-server)
  * [Handling requests](#handling-requests)
    + [Using a config file](#using-a-config-file)
      - [Example of config file](#example-of-config-file)
      - [Configure the server](#configure-the-server)
    + [Using annotations](#using-annotations)
      - [@Route annotation](#-route-annotation)
      - [@Method annotation](#-method-annotation)
      - [@Exception annotation](#-exception-annotation)
  * [Registering controllers](#registering-controllers)
  * [Creating middlewares](#creating-middlewares)
  * [Registering the middlewares](#registering-the-middlewares)
- [OAuth2](#oauth2)
  * [Client Credentials Grant](#client-credentials-grant)
    + [Client](#client-1)
    + [Server](#server-1)
      - [Creating your own Access Token Provider](#creating-your-own-access-token-provider)
- [Logging](#logging)
  * [Client side](#client-side)
    + [Simple logger](#simple-logger)
    + [XML logger](#xml-logger)
    + [Custom logger](#custom-logger)
  * [Server side](#server-side)

## Client

### Creating a client
```php
use Plankton\Client\Client;
	
$client = new Client(API_ENDPOINT);
```
Full example here: https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/public/simple-client.php

### GET example
```php
$response = $client->get("/users");
```

#### using callback
```php
$client->get("/users", function(Response $response){
	echo $response;
});
```
#### using magic
```php
$response = $client->getUsers();
```
### POST example
```php
$response = $client->post("/users", ["email" => "foo@bar.com"]);
```
#### using callback
```php
$client->post("/users", ["email" => "foo@bar.com"], function(Response $response){
	echo $response->getLocation();
});
```
#### using magic
```php
$response = $client->postUsers(["email" => "foo@bar.com"]);
```
### PUT, PATCH and DELETE examples
Full example here: https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/public/simple-client.php

### Magic calls

#### Spinal case
If you want to use magic calls, your routes must use the spinal case
Example:

$client->getUserAccounts()
will match the following route:

GET /user-accounts
camel case and snake case are not supported

#### Examples
| call | route |
| --- | --- |
| $client->getUsers(); | GET /users |
| $client->groups(1)->getUsers(); | GET /groups/1/users |
| $client->groups(1)->getUsers(2); | GET /groups/1/users/2 |
| $client->postUsers([]); | POST /users |
| $client->groups(1)->postUsers([]); | POST /groups/1/users |
| $client->deleteUsers(1); | DELETE /users/1 |
| $client->users(1)->delete(); | DELETE /users/1 |
| $client->groups(1)->deleteUsers(2); | DELETE /groups/1/users/2 |
| $client->groups(1)->users(2)->delete(); | DELETE /groups/1/users/2 |
| $client->groups(1)->users()->delete(2); | DELETE /groups/1/users/2 |

### Content types
When you are using magic calls (e.g. `$client->postUsers([]);`) or one of the methods `Client::post()`, `Client::put()`, `Client::patch()`, a `Content-Type` header is automatically added to the request. The `Content-Type` is automatically guessed according to the data you send to the server :

| data type | Content-Type |
| --- | --- |
| array | application/x-www-form-urlencoded |
| object | application/json |
| valid json string | application/json |
| valid xml string | application/xml |
| string | text/plain |

However, you still can set the `Content-Type` manually with a [customized request](#custom-request-example)

### Custom request example
```php
use Plankton\Client\Client;
use Plankton\Request;

$request = new Request(API_ENDPOINT . "/users");
$request
    ->setMethod(Request::METHOD_POST)
    ->setParameter("foo", "bar")
    ->setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0")
    ->setContentType(Request::CONTENT_TYPE_JSON)
    ->setData(["email" => "foo@bar.com"]);

$client = new Client(API_ENDPOINT);
$client->send($request, function(Response $response){
    // ...
});
```

#### Automatic data conversion

For readability reasons, you can use `arrays` or `objects` with the `Request::setData()` method, regardless of the content-type you use. The data will be automatically converted according to the rules below :

| Content-Type | Data type | Conversion |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Request::CONTENT_TYPE_JSON | array | json string |
| Request::CONTENT_TYPE_JSON | object | json string |
| other | array | URL-encoded query string |
| other | object | URL-encoded query string |

### Authentication strategy

#### anonymous auth
```php
$client = new Client(API_ENDPOINT);
```
#### basic auth
```php
use Plankton\Client\Strategy\BasicAuthentication;

$client = new Client(API_ENDPOINT, new BasicAuthentication(USER, PASSWORD));
```
#### client credentials
```php
use Plankton\Client\Strategy\ClientCredentialsAuthentication;

$client = new Client(API_ENDPOINT, new ClientCredentialsAuthentication(
	CLIENT_ID, 
	CLIENT_SECRET,
	AUTHENTICATION_URL
));
```
The authorize and access/refresh token requests will be performed automatically.
The 3rd parameter is optionnal, the default value is "/token"

## Server

### Creating a server
```php
use Plankton\Server\Server;

$server = new Server();
$server->run();
```
Full example here: https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/public/simple-server.php

### Creating controllers
You must create at least one controller which extends the abstract class Plankton\Server\Controller
```php	
use Plankton\Server\Controller;

class APIController extends Controller{
	public function getUsers(int $id, Request $request): Response{
	}
	
	public function postUsers(Request $request): Response{
	}
}
```
Your controller will contain one public method for each action of your API.

You can create routes in 2 different ways:
- using a config file
- using annotations

#### Using a config file
This will automatically disable the annotation parser. The routes are described in a YAML file

##### Example of config file
```yml
routes:
    get-user:
        path: /users/{id}
        method: GET
        controller: Test\Controller\APIController::getUser
    create-user:
        path: /users
        method: POST
        controller: Test\Controller\APIController::createUser
```	        
Full example here: https://github.com/foxdie/plankton/blob/master/Test/config/server.yml

##### Configuring the server
```php
use Plankton\Server\{Server, Config};

$server = new Server(new Config(CONFIG_PATH));
```
Full example here: https://github.com/foxdie/plankton/blob/master/Test/public/config-server.php    
   
#### Using annotations
```php
use Plankton\Server\Controller;

class APIController extends Controller{
	/**
	 * @Route(/users/{id})
	 * @Method(GET)
	 */
	public function getUser(int $id, Request $request): Response{
	}
	
	/**
	 * @Route(/users)
	 * @Method(POST)
	 */
	public function createUser(Request $request): Response{
	}
}
```
The routes will be created automatically according to the annotations @Route and @Method.

Full example here : https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/Controller/APIController.php

##### @Route annotation
- accepts regular expresssions
- accepts placeholders: they will be passed as argument in the same order as they appear
- the spinal case is strongly recommended

You can add a route prefix to your controller:
```php	
/**
 * @Route(/users)
 */
class APIController extends Controller{
	/**
	 * @Route(/{id})
	 * @Method(GET)
	 */
	public function getUser(int $id, Request $request): Response{
	}
	
	/**
	 * @Route(/)
	 * @Method(POST)
	 */
	public function createUser(Request $request): Response{
	}
}
```
##### @Method annotation
Possible values are:
- GET
- POST
- PUT
- PATCH
- DELETE

##### @Exception annotation
```php
class APIController extends Controller{
	/**
	 * This will catch any \CustomNameSpace\CustomException
	 * @Exception(CustomNameSpace\CustomException)
	 */
	public function catchCustomException(Exception $e, Request $request): Response{
	}
	
	/**
	 * This will catch all other exceptions
	 * @Exception(*)
	 */
	public function catchException(Exception $e, Request $request): Response{
	}
}
```

### Registering controllers
```php
use Plankton\Server\Server;

$server = new Server();
$server
	->registerController(new APIController());
	->registerController(...);
	->run();
```
Full example here: https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/public/simple-server.php

### Creating middlewares
(this is optionnal)
You must implement the Plankton\Server\Middleware interface.
The middlewares can handle both incoming requests and outgoing responses.
```php
use Plankton\Server\{Request, Response};
use Plankton\Server\{Middleware, RequestDispatcher};

class BasicAuthenticationMiddleware implements Middleware{
	public function process(Request $request, RequestDispatcher $dispatcher): Response{
		// ...
		return $dispatcher->process($request);
	}
}
```
Full example here: https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/Middleware/BasicAuthenticationMiddleware.php

### Registering the middlewares
```php
use Plankton\Server\Server;

$server = new Server();
$server
	->addMiddleware(new BasicAuthenticationMiddleware())
	->addMiddleware(...)
	->registerController(new APIController())
	->run();
```
## OAuth2

### Client Credentials Grant

#### Client
```php
use Plankton\Client\Client;
use Plankton\Client\Strategy\ClientCredentialsAuthentication;
use Plankton\Response;

$client = new Client(API_ENDPOINT, new ClientCredentialsAuthentication(
	CLIENT_ID, 
	CLIENT_SECRET,
	AUTHENTICATION_URL
));
```
Full example here: 	
https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/public/oauth2-client.php

#### Server
```php
use Plankton\Server\Server;
use OAuth2\Middleware\ClientCredentialsMiddleware;
use OAuth2\Provider\MemoryProvider;
use Test\Controller\APIController;

// Access Token provider
$provider = new MemoryProvider();
$provider->addClient(CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET);

$server = new Server();
$server
	->addMiddleware(new ClientCredentialsMiddleware($provider))
	->registerController(new APIController())
	->run();
```
Full example here:
https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/public/oauth2-server.php

##### Creating your own Access Token Provider
All you have to do is to implement the AccessTokenProvider interface:
```php
use Plankton\OAuth2\Provider\AccessTokenProvider;
use Plankton\OAuth2\Token\{AccessToken, BearerToken};

class PDOProvider implements AccessTokenProvider{
	/**
	 * return a new/issued Access Token if you find a client matching the authentication parameters (id + secret)
	 */
	public function getAccessToken(string $client_id, string $client_secret): ?AccessToken{
	}

/**
	 * return a new Access Token if the Refresh Token is valid
	 */
	public function refreshToken(string $refreshToken): ?AccessToken{
	}

/**
	 * authorize or not the given Access Token
	 */
	public function isValidAccessToken(string $token): bool{
	}
}
```

## Logging

### Client side

#### Simple logger
```php
use Plankton\Logging\SimpleLogger;

$client->setLogger(new SimpleLogger());

// ... do some requests

foreach ($client->getLogger()->getLogs() as $request) {
	$response = $client->getLogger()->getLogs()[$request];
}
```
Full example here: https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/public/simple-client.php

#### XML logger
```php
use Plankton\Logging\XMLLogger;

$client->setLogger(new XMLLogger());

// ... do some requests

header("Content-type: text/xml");
echo $client->getLogger()->getLogs()->asXML();
```
Full example here: https://github.com/foxdie/rest/blob/master/Test/public/oauth2-client.php

#### Custom logger
You have to implement the Plankton\Request\Logger interface:
```php
use Plankton\{Request,Response};
use Plankton\Request\Logger

class CustomLogger implements Logger{
	public function log(Request $request, Response $response = NULL): void{
	}
}
```

### Server side
You can easily log requests and responses by [adding a middleware](#creating-middlewares):
```php
use Plankton\{Request,Response};
use Plankton\Server\{Middleware, RequestDispatcher};

class LogMiddleware implements Middleware{
	public function process(Request $request, RequestDispatcher $dispatcher): Response{		
		$response = $dispatcher->process($request);
		
		// log $request and $response here
		
		return $response
	}
}
```

and then register the middleware(#registering-the-middlewares)
```php
use Plankton\Server\Server;
use Test\Controller\APIController;
use Test\Middleware\LogMiddleware;

$server = new Server();
$server
	->addMiddleware(new LogMiddleware())
	->registerController(new APIController())
	->run();
```

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