SQLServerCrypto

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SQLServerCrypto

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SQL Server functions EncryptByPassPhrase and DecryptByPassPhrase implemented in C#.

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# SQLServerCrypto

The repository contains methods written in C# mapping the functionality of two built-in SQL Server functions: [EncryptByPassPhrase](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/encryptbypassphrase-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017) and [DecryptByPassPhrase](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/decryptbypassphrase-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017). These functions are used to encrypt a given string of characters
or decrypt the ciphertext.

The result returned by the *SQLServerCryptoMethod.EncryptByPassPhrase* function can be decrypted using the *DecryptByPassPhrase* function on SQL Server. Also the *SQLServerCryptoMethod.DecryptByPassPhrase* method can decrypt
ciphertext generated by the *EncryptByPassPhrase* function on SQL Server.

The *SQLServer Crypto Method.EncryptByPassPhrase* method requires specifying an encryption version - *SQLServerCryptoVersion*. It applies to the encryption / decryption algorithm used by SQL Server.
The default encryption version for the *SQLServerCryptoMethod.EncryptByPassPhrase* is *SQLServerCryptoVersion.V1*.

The *SQLServerCryptoMethod.DecryptByPassPhrase* function reads the version number from the ciphertext.

|                           |                  |                                   |
| ------------------------- | ---------------- | --------------------------------- |
| SQLServerCryptoVersion.V1 | TripleDES / SHA1 | SQL Server 2008 - SQL Server 2016 |
| SQLServerCryptoVersion.V2 | AES256 / SHA256  | SQL Server 2017                   |

You can also specify *add_authenticator* and *authenticator* arguments, just like in SQL Server methods.

## Remarks
The encoding of the string passed to the *SQLServerCryptoMethod.EncryptByPassPhrase* function will be changed to ASCII, therefore, the same string of characters before encryption and after decrypting with the same password can be different.

**If the text is encrypted with the authenticator, it can be decrypted without knowing the authenticator string. See example below.**

## Examples
### 1. Encryption on SQL Server / decryption in C# code.
**SQL**
```
DECLARE @passphrase varchar(max) = 'password1234'

SELECT EncryptByPassPhrase(@passphrase, 'Hello World.')
```
**Result:** 0x010000003296649D6782CFD72B8145A07F2C7D7FE3D8B80CF48DA419E94FABC90EEB928D

**C#**
```
var passphrase = "password1234";
var decryptedText = SQLServerCryptoMethod.DecryptByPassPhrase(@passphrase, "0x010000003296649D6782CFD72B8145A07F2C7D7FE3D8B80CF48DA419E94FABC90EEB928D");

System.Console.WriteLine(decryptedText);
```
**Result:** Hello World.

### 2. Encryption in C# code / decryption on SQL Server.
**C#**
```
var passphrase = "password1234";
var encrypted = SQLServerCryptoMethod.EncryptByPassPhrase(@passphrase, "Hello World.");

System.Console.WriteLine(encrypted);
```
**Result:** 0x01000000d743db6ccd7e0e63091fa787c65dead5ea14c440da9ee0f6f60e74520a35c076

**SQL**
```
DECLARE @passphrase varchar(max) = 'password1234'

SELECT cast(DecryptByPassPhrase(@passphrase, 0x01000000d743db6ccd7e0e63091fa787c65dead5ea14c440da9ee0f6f60e74520a35c076) as varchar)
```
**Result:** Hello World.

### 3. Encryption with authenticator / decryption without authenticator.
**SQL**
```
DECLARE @EncryptionBytes varbinary(max) =  ENCRYPTBYPASSPHRASE('test1234','Hello world.',1,'authenticator')

SELECT @EncryptionBytes

```
**Result:** 0x0100000038C94F7223E0BA2F772B611857F9D45DAF781607CC77F4A856CF08CC2DB9DF14A0593259CB3A4A2BFEDB485C002CA04B6A98BEB1B47EB107

**C#**
```
var ciphertext = "0x0100000038C94F7223E0BA2F772B611857F9D45DAF781607CC77F4A856CF08CC2DB9DF14A0593259CB3A4A2BFEDB485C002CA04B6A98BEB1B47EB107";
var password = "test1234";
var decrypted = SQLServerCryptoMethod.DecryptByPassPhraseWithoutVerification(password, ciphertext);

Console.WriteLine(decrypted);
```
**Result:** Hello world.

## Reference
- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/encryptbypassphrase-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017
- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/decryptbypassphrase-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017
- https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlsecurity/2009/03/30/sql-server-encryptbykey-cryptographic-message-description/
- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21684733/c-sharp-decrypt-bytes-from-sql-server-encryptbypassphrase

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