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merkle-blockchain

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This project demonstrates the core building blocks of blockchain technology via Merkle trees

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# Merkle Blockchain

A minimal blockchain and Merkle tree implementation in Haskell.  
This project demonstrates the core building blocks of blockchain technology, including:

- Merkle tree construction and visualization
- Merkle proofs and proof verification
- Block mining and chain validation
- Transaction handling and receipts
- Simple proof-of-work simulation
- Functional and type-safe design using Haskell

This is an **educational project** intended to illustrate how blockchains work under the hood.

## Project Structure

| File              | Description                                                                 |
|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `Hashable32.hs`   | Hash type (`Word32`) and `Hashable` class with combinators for hashing.     |
| `Utils.hs`        | Helper utilities for working with `Maybe`, `Either`, and lists.            |
| `Blockchain.hs`   | Core blockchain logic: blocks, transactions, mining, chain validation.     |
| `MerkleTree.hs`   | Merkle tree construction, proof generation, and proof verification.        |
| `Doctests.hs`     | Tests and usage examples with `doctest`.                                   |

## Getting Started

### 1. Install GHC and Cabal

```bash
ghcup install ghc latest
ghcup install cabal latest
```

### 2. Clone the repository
```bash
git clone https://github.com/Shinbatsu/Merkle-blockchain.git
cd Merkle-blockchain
```

### 3. Run GHCi
Load the blockchain module in GHCi:
```bash
:l Blockchain.hs
```

## Algorithm

1. Transactions are hashed and assembled into a Merkle tree.
2. The Merkle root is stored in each block.
3. Blocks are linked together via their parent hash.
4. Proof-of-work ensures block integrity.
5. Merkle proofs allow lightweight transaction verification.

## How to use this thing

### 1. Define addresses and transactions
```
let alice = hash "Alice"
let bob = hash "Bob"

let tx1 = Tx alice bob 100
let tx2 = Tx bob alice 50
```

### 2. Mine a block

```
let genesisHash = 0
let miner = hash "Miner1"

let block = mineBlock miner genesisHash [tx1, tx2]
```

### 3. Validate the chain
```
validChain [block]
```
### 4. Generate transaction receipts

```
let (block2, receipts) = mineTransactions miner (hash block) [tx1, tx2]
```
### 5. Validate a transaction receipt

```
validateReceipt (head receipts) (blockHdr block2)
```

### 6. Print blocks/transactions

```
putStrLn  pprBlock block ""
putStrLn  pprTx tx1 ""
```

merkle-blockchain

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