shifts-solver

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Finds a solution to fitting employees with preferences in a schedule for shifts-based operation (GWT, Google AppEngine).

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# Shifts Solver
Finds a solution to fitting employees with preferences in a schedule for
shifts-based operation using *heuristical backtracking*.

**Shifts Solver** is a [Google AppEngine](https://cloud.google.com/appengine) application. To try **Shifts Solver** install AppEngine SDK and/or an AppEngine IDE which allows you to run **Shifts Solver** localy or to upload it to Google infrastructure (you may use *free* AppEngine tier to run it).
I implemented **Shift Solver** using [Eclipse IDE for Java](https://cloud.google.com/eclipse/docs/) with AppEngine plug-in. Simply follow [how-tos](https://cloud.google.com/eclipse/docs/) to set up the development environment and then use Eclipse [project](./.project) that can be found in my Git repository to import **Shifts Solver** project to Eclipse. 
Alternatively you may use [your favorite tool/IDE](https://cloud.google.com/tools/docs/) to build and deploy the project.

# Overview
Home:

<kbd>[![Home](http://me.mindforger.com/project/s2/s2home.png "Home")](http://mindforger.com/project/s2/s2home.png)</kbd>

Employees management:

<kbd>[![Employees Management](http://me.mindforger.com/project/s2/s2employees.png "Employees Management")](http://mindforger.com/project/s2/s2employees.png)</kbd>

Month preferences management:

<kbd>[![Month Preferences Management](http://me.mindforger.com/project/s2/s2preferences.png "Month Preferences Management")](http://mindforger.com/project/s2/s2preferences.png)</kbd>

Solution management:

<kbd>[![Solution Management](http://me.mindforger.com/project/s2/s2solution.png "Solution Management")](http://mindforger.com/project/s2/s2solution.png)</kbd>

<kbd>[![Solution Dlouhan Management](http://me.mindforger.com/project/s2/s2dlouhan.png "Solution Management")](http://mindforger.com/project/s2/s2dlouhan.png)</kbd>

<kbd>[![Solution Employees Management](http://me.mindforger.com/project/s2/s2allocation.png "Solution Management")](http://mindforger.com/project/s2/s2allocation.png)</kbd>

<kbd>[![Solution Edit Management](http://me.mindforger.com/project/s2/s2solutionEdit.png "Solution Management")](http://mindforger.com/project/s2/s2solutionEdit.png)</kbd>

## Functional Specification
Employee roles:
   * editor
   * staffer
   * morning sportak
   * sportak

Employee jobs:
   * fulltime
   * part time

Shift types:
   * workdays
      * morning shift
         * 1x editor
         * 1x 6AM staffer
         * 1x 7AM staffer
         * 1x 8AM staffer
         * 1x sportak (can be morning sportak)
      * afternoon shift
         * 1x editor
         * 4x staffer
         * 1x sportak
      * night shift
         * 1x staffer (*MUST:* staffer, editor, morning sportak i.e. not sportak)
   * weekend
      * morning shift
         * 1x editor (*MUST:* same as Friday afternoon)
         * 1x 6AM staffer
         * 1x sportak
      * afternoon shift
         * 1x editor (*MUST:* same as morning)
         * 1x staffer
         * 1x sportak
      * night shift
         * 1x staffer (*MUST:* staffer, editor, morning sportak i.e. not sportak)

Schedule:
   * For one month
   * Dependencies to previous month schedule (e.g. editor Friday to Sunday continuity)

Employee preferences:
   * preference type:
      * YES: I want this shift/day
      * NO: I cannot make this shift/day
      * WHATEVER: I don't care
   * preference target:
      * (whole) day
      * any shift type (see above)

Rules:
   * *MUST:* shift counts for one job (except editor continuity below)
   * *MUST:* any employee role may serve on Monday to Saturday nights
   * *MUST:* part time employee to serve on Friday night
   * *MUST:* part time employee to serve on Saturday night
   * *MUST:* fulltime employee to serve on Sunday night
   * *SHOULD:* editor to serve on Sunday night **(TODO)**
   * *MUST:* employee birthday is marked as NO preference
   * *MUST:* national holidays are solved in the same way as Sunday **(PARTIAL)**
   * Editor Friday to Sunday continuity:
      * *MUST:* particular editor to serve Friday afternoon + Saturday morning
        and afternoon + Sunday morning and afternoon shifts
      * *MUST:* editor continuity counts for 1 + 3 (Friday + weekend) = 4 shifts
        in job (note that it would be 5 otherwise) **(TODO)**
      * *SHOULD:* editor to have same staffer and sportak in continuity **(TODO)**
   * *MUST:* employee cannot have more than one shift in a day
   * *MUST:* there must be at least 8 hours between two shifts served by the
     same employee
      * *MUST:* if employee serves afternoon shift, then first shift it may serve
        is morning 8AM (6AM and 7AM CANNOT be served by this employee)
      * *MUST:* if employee serves night shift, then it CANNOT serve morning shift
        next day
      * *MUST:* if employee serves on Saturday and Sunday then it CANNOT serve on
        Monday **(TODO)**
      * *SHOULD:* if employee has any shift in 5 consecutive days, then it SHOULD get
        one day FREE
   * Fulltime employee jobs:
      * *MUST:* job shifts = workdays * 8 / 7.5
      * *MUST:* fulltime employee must get max shifts +/-1 shift
      * *MUST:* 2 night shifts in month at most
      * *MUST:* if employee has holidays on workday, then it adds 1 to her/his
        job shifts
      * *SHOULD:* morning and afternoon shifts to be balanced 50%/50%
   * Part time employee jobs:
      * *MUST:* max job shifts = fulltime job shifts / 2

## Technical Architecture
Frontend:
   * Google Web Toolkit

Backend:
   * Google AppEngine

## Plan
The implementation plan:

* solver
      * strategy:
         * try to build schedule w/o need to backtrack
         * smart allocation and capacity anticipation
         * jobs for month - do I have enough?
         * calculate capacity: editors, nights, sports, ...
         * backtracking to be used only in situations when you cannot allocate wisely
         * allocate user and ensure it wont fail (failure is last option causing backtrack)
           e.g. make sure editor has 5 shifts capacity when assigned on Friday afternoon
      * incorporate POSITIVE preferences in solver (do 2 cycles of employees
        and remember it in solution: want employees for day and THEN don't
        care employees)
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