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This repository documents my journey learning and implementing various data structures and algorithms in C++.

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This repository documents my journey learning and implementing various data structures and algorithms in C++.

## 📚 Repository Structure

### 1dArray (60+ implementations)
Array manipulation and algorithmic problems:
- **Searching & Finding**: Largest/smallest elements, duplicates, union operations
- **Subarrays**: Kadane's Algorithm, longest consecutive sequence, subarray with given sum/XOR
- **Two/Three/Four Sum Problems**: Using hashing and two-pointer approaches
- **Array Transformations**: Rotation, reversal, remove duplicates, Dutch National Flag Algorithm
- **Advanced Problems**: 
  - Trapping Rain Water
  - Moore's Voting Algorithm (Majority Element)
  - Next Permutation
  - Pascal's Triangle
  - Merge Overlapping Intervals
- **Mathematical**: Factorial, Fibonacci, GCD, palindrome, leap year
- **Vector Operations**: Vector basics, pointer operations, pass by reference/alias

### 2dArray (16+ implementations)
Matrix operations and problems:
- **Basic Operations**: Matrix multiplication, transpose, sum of matrices
- **Transformations**: Rotate matrix by 90°, set matrix zeros
- **Traversals**: Spiral traversal (multiple approaches), circular spiral
- **Search**: Binary search in 2D matrix, find max element
- **Special Patterns**: Pascal's Triangle, max score binary matrix

### binarySearch (25+ implementations)
Search algorithms and binary search applications:
- **Basic Binary Search**: Standard binary search, linear search
- **Binary Search on Rotated Arrays**: Minimum in rotated array, search in rotated sorted array
- **Peak Finding**: Peak element, mountain array
- **Bounds & Special Searches**: Lower/upper bounds, missing positive integer
- **Advanced Problems**: Aggressive Cows, Book Allocation, Capacity to ship packages

### bit (9+ implementations)
Bit manipulation techniques and algorithms.

### contest (1+ implementations)
Files for competitive programming contests.

### dp (20+ implementations)
Dynamic programming solutions for various problems.

### graph (24+ implementations)
Graph data structure and algorithms:
- **Graph Representation**: Adjacency list and adjacency matrix
- **Traversal Algorithms**: Breadth-First Search (BFS), Depth-First Search (DFS)

### greedy (16+ implementations)
Greedy algorithmic problems and solutions.

### hashing (4+ implementations)
Hash-based problem solving:
- Character hashing
- Number hashing
- Hash maps and sets
- Frequency counting techniques

### heap (15+ implementations)
Heap data structure and applications:
- **Heap Implementation**: Basic heap operations
- **Heap Sort**: Sorting using heap data structure
- **Priority Queue Applications**: Using heaps for efficient operations

### linkedList (20+ implementations)
Comprehensive linked list operations:
- **Basic Operations**: Single, Doubly, and Circular Linked Lists
- **Advanced Problems**: Reverse linked list, middle of linked list, detect cycle, loop properties

### maths (3+ implementations)
Basic mathematical algorithms and utilities.

### oops (11+ implementations)
OOP concepts in C++:
- **Core Concepts**: Classes and objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism
- **Advanced Topics**: Virtual functions, friend functions, diamond problem resolution

### patternPrinting (26+ implementations)
Comprehensive pattern printing programs:
- **Basic Patterns**: Star pyramids, triangles, rhombus
- **Advanced Patterns**: Spiral squares, star bridge, Pascal's Triangle

### recursion (43+ implementations)
Recursive algorithm implementations:
- **Mathematical**: Factorial, Fibonacci series, Power function
- **String/Array Problems**: Permutations, combinations, subsets
- **Classic Problems**: Tower of Hanoi, Staircase problem, Maze pathfinding

### slidingWindow (12+ implementations)
Problems solved using the sliding window technique.

### sorting (16+ implementations)
Various sorting algorithms and applications:
- **Basic Sorts**: Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort
- **Advanced Sorts**: Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Dutch National Flag Algorithm

### stacksAndQueues (31+ implementations)
Stack and Queue data structures:
- **Stack/Queue Implementations**: Using arrays, linked lists
- **Expression Conversion**: Infix to Postfix/Prefix conversions
- **Applications**: Min Stack, Circular Queue, Balanced parentheses checker

### string (21+ implementations)
String manipulation and algorithms:
- **Character Analysis**: Count vowels/consonants, highest frequency
- **String Comparison**: Valid anagram, isomorphic strings
- **Transformations & Matching**: String reversing, find and replace pattern

### tree (28+ implementations)
Binary tree and tree-based algorithms:
- **Tree Traversals**: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder traversals
- **String Problems on Trees**: Maximum distinct substrings
- **Tree Construction and Manipulation**

### trie (3+ implementations)
Trie (prefix tree) data structure and operations.

## 🎯 Key Algorithms Implemented

- **Kadane's Algorithm** - Maximum subarray sum
- **Moore's Voting Algorithm** - Majority element
- **Dutch National Flag Algorithm** - Three-way partitioning
- **Floyd's Cycle Detection** - Loop detection in linked lists
- **Two Pointer Technique** - Various problems (2Sum, 3Sum, 4Sum)
- **Sliding Window** - Subarray problems
- **Binary Search Variants** - Peak finding, bounds, 2D search
- **Binary Search on Answer** - Aggressive cows, book allocation, capacity problems
- **Expression Conversion** - All infix/postfix/prefix combinations
- **Recursion & Backtracking** - Permutations, combinations, maze solving
- **Graph Algorithms** - BFS traversal, graph representation
- **Heap Sort** - Sorting using heap data structure
- **Tree Traversals** - Preorder, inorder, postorder

## 📊 Statistics

- **Total Categories**: 21
- **Total Implementations**: 400+
- **Primary Language**: C++ (.cpp)

## 🛠️ Technologies Used

- **Language**: C++ (C++11 and above)
- **Compiler**: g++ / gcc
- **IDE**: VS Code / Code::Blocks

## 📖 Purpose

This repository serves as:
1. **Personal Learning Resource** - Documenting my DSA learning journey
2. **Quick Reference** - Easy access to common algorithms and data structures
3. **Interview Preparation** - Solutions to frequently asked coding problems
4. **Practice Problems** - Implementation of various problem-solving techniques

Each file focuses on a specific algorithm or problem, providing clean and understandable implementations in C++.

## 🚀 How to Use

1. Navigate to the relevant category folder
2. Open the .cpp file for the specific problem
3. Compile using: `g++ filename.cpp -o output`
4. Run the executable: `./output`

## 📝 Notes

- Executable files have been excluded from the repository.
- All code files are strictly C++ source files (`.cpp`).

---

**Last Updated**: August 2026

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