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Browser engine for agents. HTML in, structured Semantic Object Model out. Native MCP and AWP with a supported CDP subset. Apache-2.0.

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<h1 align="center">Plasmate</h1>

<p align="center">
  The browser engine for agents.<br/>
  HTML in. Semantic Object Model out.
</p>

<p align="center">
  <a href="https://plasmate.app">Website</a> &middot;
  <a href="https://docs.plasmate.app">Docs</a> &middot;
  <a href="https://plasmate.app/compare">Benchmarks</a> &middot;
  <a href="https://crates.io/crates/plasmate">Crates.io</a> &middot;
  <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/plasmate">npm</a> &middot;
  <a href="https://pypi.org/project/plasmate/">PyPI</a>
</p>

---

Dependency and CI trust policy, local audit commands, and scorecard promotion
rules are documented in [Supply-chain policy](docs/SUPPLY-CHAIN.md).

Plasmate compiles HTML into a **Semantic Object Model (SOM)**, a structured
representation that LLMs can reason about directly. It runs JavaScript via V8
and implements a documented CDP subset for supported Puppeteer workflows. SOM
output removes presentation and runtime markup; output size and tokenization are
page-, configuration-, serialization-, and tokenizer-dependent.

| | Plasmate | Lightpanda | Chrome |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Primary output** | **Structured SOM JSON** | Raw HTML / DOM | Raw HTML / DOM |
| **JavaScript** | **Embedded V8 pipeline** | Browser runtime | Browser runtime |
| **Agent protocol** | **Native MCP and AWP** | CDP | CDP |
| **Benchmark policy** | **Retained, denominator-complete reports** | Project-specific | Project-specific |
| **License** | **Apache-2.0** | AGPL-3.0 | Chromium |

## Install

```bash
curl -fsSL https://plasmate.app/install.sh | sh
```

Or install the native engine with Cargo:

```bash
cargo install plasmate
```

The npm and PyPI packages named `plasmate` are client SDKs; they do not bundle
or install the native `plasmate` executable. Install the native engine first,
then add `npm install plasmate` or `pip install plasmate` to applications that
need the corresponding SDK.

## Quick Start

### Fetch a page and get structured output

```bash
plasmate fetch https://news.ycombinator.com
```

Returns SOM JSON: structured regions, interactive elements with stable IDs, and content. Measure output size on the pages and configuration used by your application.

### Start a CDP server (Puppeteer compatible)

```bash
plasmate serve --protocol cdp --host 127.0.0.1 --port 9222
```

Then connect with Puppeteer:

```javascript
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer-core';

const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
  browserWSEndpoint: 'ws://127.0.0.1:9222',
  protocolTimeout: 10000,
});

const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');

const title = await page.evaluate(() => document.title);
console.log(title);

await browser.close();
```

### Start an AWP server (native protocol)

```bash
plasmate serve --protocol awp --host 127.0.0.1 --port 9222
```

AWP's foundational v0.1 core has seven wire methods: `awp.hello`,
`session.create`, `session.close`, `page.navigate`, `page.observe`, `page.act`,
and `page.extract`. The current native handler also exposes session-listing,
network-interception, plugin, cookie, and proxy-pool extensions. Click, type,
select, scroll, toggle, and clear are `page.act` actions, not separate wire
methods.

### Run a supervised stateful workflow

```bash
plasmate agent-run --plan examples/agent-workflow.json \
  --report agent-workflow-report.json --dry-run
```

Plans are versioned and bounded; mutating steps require separate
`--confirm-step <id>` approvals, while JavaScript evaluation and cookie writes
also require category opt-ins. See [the workflow contract](docs/agent-workflows.md)
for schemas, secret references, containment, and execution examples.

### Run as an MCP tool server (Model Context Protocol)

```bash
plasmate mcp
```

This exposes Plasmate over stdio as MCP tools:
- `fetch_page` - get structured SOM from any URL
- `extract_text` - get clean readable text
- `extract_links` - get deduplicated links from a page
- `ard_discover` - inspect bounded static ARD v0.9 draft catalog signals without invoking them
- `crawl_policy` - evaluate RFC 9309 robots.txt policy without changing fetch behavior
- `inspect_page` - return bounded SOM first, with deterministic optional visual fallback
- `cache_status` - inspect MCP SOM cache reuse and restorable page-state entries
- `session_status` - inspect active sessions, loaded URLs, HTML/SOM/node inventory
- `trace_status` - inspect bounded action-trace retention for one session
- `trace_export` - export privacy-safe `plasmate.trace.v1` events
- `trace_clear` - discard retained events without resetting their sequence
- `replay_validate` - validate a retained action without executing it
- `screenshot_page` - capture a page screenshot, with SOM fallback
- `open_page` - start an interactive session (returns session_id, SOM, cache_restored)
- `navigate_to` - navigate an existing session
- `evaluate` - run JavaScript in the page context
- `click` - click elements by SOM element ID
- `type_text` - type into an input or textarea
- `select_option` - select a dropdown option
- `scroll` - scroll the page or an element
- `toggle` - toggle checkbox, radio, or details state
- `clear` - clear an input or textarea
- `close_page` - end a session
- `get_cookies` - read session cookies
- `set_cookies` - add or update session cookies
- `clear_cookies` - remove session cookies

For an authenticated local Streamable HTTP endpoint, set a capability token
and select the HTTP transport explicitly:

```bash
PLASMATE_MCP_HTTP_TOKEN="$(openssl rand -hex 32)" \
  plasmate mcp --transport http --host 127.0.0.1 --port 9272
```

The endpoint is `http://127.0.0.1:9272/mcp`. Every request must include
`Authorization: Bearer <token>`. The server implements JSON response mode for
the stateful MCP `2025-11-25` transport and the stateless `2026-07-28` release
candidate. It deliberately returns HTTP 405 for GET rather than claiming an
SSE notification stream it does not implement. See
[`docs/mcp-streamable-http.md`](docs/mcp-streamable-http.md) for lifecycle,
headers, and browser-Origin policy.

Example Claude Desktop config:

```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "plasmate": {
      "command": "plasmate",
      "args": ["mcp"]
    }
  }
}
```

## For AI Agents

Plasmate is purpose-built for AI agent pipelines. Several ways to wire it in:

### MCP (Claude Desktop, Cursor, VS Code Copilot, Windsurf)

Add to your MCP config and every tool call automatically uses Plasmate:

```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "plasmate": {
      "command": "plasmate",
      "args": ["mcp"]
    }
  }
}
```

Config file locations:
- **Claude Desktop** — `~/Library/Application Support/Claude/claude_desktop_config.json` (macOS)
- **Cursor** — `~/.cursor/mcp.json`
- **VS Code Copilot** — `.vscode/mcp.json` (workspace) or user settings
- **Windsurf** — `~/.codeium/windsurf/mcp_config.json`

Once connected, the native server advertises its current tool surface through
MCP `tools/list`. It includes stateless fetch/extraction/discovery tools,
cache/session/trace inspection, screenshot and stateful page interaction,
cookie operations, and validation-only replay. Query `tools/list` instead of
depending on a hard-coded count; the authoritative registration is
[`src/mcp/server.rs`](./src/mcp/server.rs).

**Tip:** use `selector="main"` to strip nav/footer, `selector="interactive"`
to return only actionable elements, or `selector="action:click"` to build a
compact click-target menu before the LLM sees the content.
Use `cache_status` after repeated fetches to inspect local MCP SOM cache hits,
misses, selector entries, effective-HTML entries, and avoided HTML work.
Use `session_status` before long interactive runs to inspect active browser
session count, capacity, loaded URLs, raw/effective HTML sizes, SOM sizes,
node-map counts, structured data presence, age, and idle time. Stateful
`open_page` and `navigate_to` return `cache_restored=true` when they reuse a
content-hash-validated cache entry with both SOM and effective HTML.
Set `trace=true` on `open_page` to opt into bounded, memory-only action tracing,
then use `trace_status`, `trace_export`, and side-effect-free
`replay_validate`. Typed values and page bodies are never exported. See
[`docs/session-tracing.md`](docs/session-tracing.md) for the privacy contract,
bounds, drift classes, and validation-only limitation.

Before a multi-page crawl, use `crawl_policy` or the CLI equivalent:

```bash
plasmate crawl-policy https://example.com/private --product-token Plasmate
```

The versioned report distinguishes an unavailable robots file (4xx, access
permitted by RFC 9309) from an unreachable one (network/5xx, access denied).
It is advisory metadata, not authorization, and does not silently alter
ordinary `fetch` or `fetch_page`. See [docs/CRAWL-POLICY.md](docs/CRAWL-POLICY.md).

Use `inspect_page` when an agent may need pixels. Its default `auto` mode
always returns a bounded compact SOM and only attaches a screenshot for named
signals such as near-empty structure, canvas-heavy content, or image-map/image
controls. `never` recommends without capture; `always` is an explicit capture
request. Page JavaScript is off by default; `javascript=true` runs untrusted
page code through the supervised JavaScript worker before the separately
isolated screenshot process.
Rendering uses a sandboxed/CSP-constrained document with JavaScript
disabled, no unsafe file-access or browser-sandbox switches, a dead network
proxy, and process-tree cleanup. Plasmate does not interpret the image with a vision model. See
[docs/STRUCTURED-VISUAL-FALLBACK.md](docs/STRUCTURED-VISUAL-FALLBACK.md).

### Static ARD discovery (draft)

Inspect the three static Agentic Resource Discovery signals supported by
Plasmate—the well-known catalog, an HTML `rel="ai-catalog"` link, and a
robots.txt `Agentmap` directive:

```bash
plasmate ard-discover https://example.com/ --output ard-report.json
```

The versioned `plasmate.ard.discovery.v1` report validates bounded catalog
envelopes and labels all publisher metadata, inline data, trust manifests,
attestations, and signatures as untrusted and unverified. It does not search a
registry, invoke entries, fetch entry endpoints, follow nested catalogs, or
verify identity. HTTPS and same-origin catalog discovery references are
mandatory, and the ARD path cannot use Plasmate's private-network development
override. Standalone reports and fully wrapped MCP tool results each have an
independently measured 512 KiB serialized bound. See
[docs/ARD.md](docs/ARD.md) for limits and protocol scope.

### Vercel AI SDK

Use Plasmate via the AI SDK's built-in MCP client (AI SDK v4+):

```bash
npm install ai @ai-sdk/openai
```

```ts
import { experimental_createMCPClient as createMCPClient, generateText } from 'ai'
import { Experimental_StdioMCPTransport as StdioMCPTransport } from 'ai/mcp-stdio'
import { openai } from '@ai-sdk/openai'

const mcp = await createMCPClient({
  transport: new StdioMCPTransport({
    command: 'plasmate',
    args: ['mcp'],
  }),
})

const { text } = await generateText({
  model: openai('gpt-4o'),
  tools: await mcp.tools(),
  maxSteps: 5,
  prompt: 'Summarize the top 3 stories on news.ycombinator.com',
})

await mcp.close()
```

This wires the full Plasmate MCP tool set directly into any Vercel AI SDK agent. See [Vercel AI SDK MCP docs](https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/ai-sdk-core/tools-and-tool-calling#mcp-tools) for details.

### LLM context

- Machine-readable summary: [`https://plasmate.app/llms.txt`](https://plasmate.app/llms.txt)
- Codebase guide for AI coding agents: [`AGENTS.md`](./AGENTS.md)
- The checked-in [MCP Registry](https://registry.modelcontextprotocol.io)
  metadata declares `ghcr.io/plasmate-labs/plasmate:v0.6.0` as the runnable,
  version-pinned OCI package for the next release candidate. This image is
  not available until the immutable v0.6.0 release workflow publishes it. Only
  after it is anonymously pullable and the metadata is published can Registry
  clients launch it over stdio with the `mcp` subcommand. The eventual direct
  invocation is:

```bash
  docker run --rm -i ghcr.io/plasmate-labs/plasmate:v0.6.0 mcp
  ```

The npm and PyPI packages named `plasmate` are client SDKs, not server
  executables. For a host-native installation, install the Rust binary above
  and configure the command as `plasmate mcp`.

## What is SOM?

The DOM was built for rendering. SOM was built for reasoning.

SOM strips layout, styling, scripts, SVGs, and boilerplate. It keeps structure, content, and interactive elements with stable IDs that agents can reference in actions.

## Output-size evidence

The retained v0.5.1 public-web snapshots in
[`website/docs/coverage.json`](./website/docs/coverage.json) and
[`website/docs/coverage-js.json`](./website/docs/coverage-js.json) recorded
median serialized-byte ratios of 9.98x over 83 successful non-JavaScript inputs
and 9.32x over 82 successful JavaScript inputs, respectively, from 98 attempted
URLs in each run. These are historical, observational byte ratios—not universal
token savings, cost savings, latency, or task-success claims. Blocked and failed
inputs remain in the denominator. See [the benchmarking policy](docs/BENCHMARKING.md)
and [public claim registry](claims/evidence.v1.json) before comparing or citing
results.

## JavaScript Support

Plasmate embeds V8 and executes page JavaScript, including:

- Inline and external `<script>` tags
- `fetch()` and `XMLHttpRequest` with real HTTP requests
- `setTimeout` / `setInterval` with timer draining
- DOM mutations (createElement, appendChild, textContent, innerHTML, etc.)
- DOMContentLoaded and load events
- Promise resolution and microtask pumping

The JS pipeline runs during `plasmate fetch` and CDP `page.goto()`. The resulting DOM mutations are serialized back to HTML before SOM compilation, so JS-rendered content is captured.

## CDP Compatibility

In the historical campfire-commerce fixture from
[Lightpanda's Puppeteer benchmark](https://github.com/lightpanda-io/demo),
Plasmate passed the assertions described in the
[March 2026 exploratory report](website/docs/src/benchmark-latest.md). That
single fixture is evidence for the listed workflow, not full Puppeteer,
Playwright, CDP, or web-platform compatibility. Supported CDP methods include:

- `page.goto()`, `page.content()`, `page.title()`
- `page.evaluate()`, `page.waitForFunction()`
- `browser.newPage()`, `browser.createBrowserContext()`
- `Runtime.evaluate`, `Runtime.callFunctionOn`
- `DOM.getDocument`, `DOM.querySelector`, `DOM.querySelectorAll`
- `Input.dispatchMouseEvent`, `Input.dispatchKeyEvent`
- Target management (create, attach, close)
- `Plasmate.getSom`, `Plasmate.getStructuredData`, `Plasmate.getInteractiveElements`, `Plasmate.getMarkdown`

`Plasmate.getInteractiveElements` returns a full-tree action menu, including
nested and shadow-root targets. It accepts optional `role`, `action`, `label`,
`exact`, `enabledOnly`, replay lookup (`value` plus `by`, or direct `id`,
`cacheKey`, `htmlId`, `testId`), and `offset`/`limit` params so Puppeteer/
Playwright clients can request, for example, one page of enabled click targets
before calling an LLM. Each target includes SOM role names, deterministic
`cache_key`, `html_id`, `test_id`, `enabled`, and `blocked_reason` when
available.

`DOM.querySelector` / `DOM.querySelectorAll` walk the SOM-backed node tree in
document order and understand stable replay selectors such as `#html_id`,
`#som_id`, `[data-testid="..."]`, `[data-test-id="..."]`, common attributes
such as `[name="..."]`, `[href="..."]`, `[type="..."]`,
`[aria-label="..."]`, `[aria-labelledby="..."]`, `[role="..."]`, SOM role
names, text, and labels. Matching for text and labels is case-insensitive.
CDP DOM nodes expose replay attributes such as `data-plasmate-id`,
`data-som-role`, HTML id, test id, ARIA label, href/name/type, and
disabled/readonly/required flags when available. `Accessibility.getFullAXTree`
is also SOM-backed and includes nested and shadow-root elements with backend
node ids plus disabled/readonly properties when available.

CDP is a compatibility layer. AWP is the native protocol, designed for agents rather than debuggers.

## Architecture

```
HTML → Network (reqwest) → HTML Parser (html5ever)
  → JS Pipeline (V8: scripts, fetch, XHR, timers, DOM mutations)
    → DOM Serialization → SOM Compiler → JSON output
```

- **Network**: reqwest with TLS, HTTP/2, redirects, compression; cookie jar supported, cookie APIs and proxy configuration are still limited
- **JS Runtime**: V8 with DOM shim (80+ methods), blocking fetch bridge
- **SOM Compiler**: semantic region detection, element ID generation, interactive element preservation, smart truncation, deduplication
- **Protocols**: AWP (seven foundational core methods plus current extensions)
  and a CDP compatibility layer for supported Puppeteer workflows

## Build from Source

```bash
git clone https://github.com/plasmate-labs/plasmate.git
cd plasmate
cargo build --release
./target/release/plasmate fetch https://example.com
```

Requirements: Rust 1.88+ for both default and `plugins` builds. V8 is fetched
automatically by rusty_v8. CI checks the declared minimum against default and
all-feature builds so dependency updates cannot silently raise it.

## Docker

Prebuilt multi-arch images (linux/amd64 and linux/arm64) are published to GHCR:

```bash
# Server mode (CDP or AWP)
docker run --rm -p 9222:9222 ghcr.io/plasmate-labs/plasmate:latest

# One-shot fetch
docker run --rm ghcr.io/plasmate-labs/plasmate:latest fetch https://example.com
```

Build locally:

```bash
docker build -t plasmate .
docker run --rm -p 9222:9222 plasmate
```

## Tests

```bash
cargo test --workspace    # all workspace tests
./scripts/action-manifest-conformance.sh
```

## Benchmarks

Run the deterministic supervised agent task gate and independently validate
its fixture provenance and complete denominators:

```bash
cargo run --locked -- agent-task-benchmark-v1 --output agent-task-benchmark-v1.json
cargo run --locked -- agent-task-benchmark-validate --input agent-task-benchmark-v1.json
```

This is a task-contract benchmark, not a latency or model-quality claim. See
[the benchmarking methodology](docs/BENCHMARKING.md).

Run the built-in benchmark against cached pages:

```bash
cargo run --release -- bench --urls bench/urls.txt
```

Or test against live sites:

```bash
plasmate fetch https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(programming_language) | jq '.regions | length'
```

See [plasmate.app/compare](https://plasmate.app/compare) for the full comparison with Lightpanda and Chrome.

## Roadmap

See [docs.plasmate.app/roadmap](https://docs.plasmate.app/roadmap) for the full roadmap.

**v0.5 (current):**
- [x] Proxy support (HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS5 with auth)
- [x] Proxy rotation (pool management, sticky sessions)
- [x] Iframe support
- [x] Shadow DOM support (declarative shadow DOM)
- [x] Native bounded ES-module core (same-origin static URL imports; see [scope and limitations](docs/ES-MODULES.md))
- [ ] Broader module compatibility (import maps, CORS graphs, dynamic import, import attributes, top-level await)
- [x] MCP cache/session observability for repeated agent workflows
- [ ] Parallel sessions at scale (500+ concurrent)

## Ecosystem

Plasmate documents integrations across the AI and developer ecosystem. The
links below are an ecosystem directory, not a count of currently tested or
maintained compatibility contracts. Verify each integration's repository,
version support, and test status before adopting it:

| Category | Integrations |
|----------|--------------|
| **AI Frameworks** | [LangChain](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/langchain-plasmate), [LlamaIndex](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/llamaindex-plasmate), [CrewAI](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/crewai-plasmate), [AutoGen](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/autogen-plasmate), [Haystack](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/haystack-plasmate), [DSPy](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/dspy-plasmate), [Semantic Kernel](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/semantic-kernel-plasmate), [Vercel AI](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/plasmate/tree/master/integrations/vercel-ai) |
| **Visual Builders** | [Langflow](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/langflow-plasmate), [Flowise](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/flowise-plasmate), [Dify](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/dify-plasmate) |
| **Automation** | [n8n](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/n8n-nodes-plasmate), [Zapier](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/zapier-plasmate), [Make.com](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/make-plasmate), [Activepieces](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/activepieces-plasmate), [Temporal](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/temporal-plasmate) |
| **Web Scraping** | [Scrapy](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/scrapy-plasmate), [Crawl4AI](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/crawl4ai-plasmate), [Firecrawl](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/firecrawl-plasmate), [ScrapeGraphAI](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/scrapegraphai-plasmate) |
| **Databases** | [Supabase](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/supabase-plasmate), [Prisma](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/prisma-plasmate), [PlanetScale](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/planetscale-plasmate), [Airtable](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/airtable-plasmate) |
| **Developer Tools** | [VS Code](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/vscode-plasmate), [Cursor](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/cursor-plasmate), [Raycast](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/raycast-plasmate), [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/copilot-plasmate) |
| **Self-Hosted LLMs** | [Open WebUI](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/openwebui-plasmate), [OpenAI GPT Actions](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/openai-gpt-plasmate) |

See [awesome-plasmate](https://github.com/plasmate-labs/awesome-plasmate) for
the broader community-maintained directory.

## License

Apache-2.0. See [LICENSE](LICENSE).

Built by [Plasmate Labs](https://plasmate.app).

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